高中英语——被动语态

高中（高三）英语被动语态全面复习

被动语态

• 定义
  • I study English every day（主动语态）
  • The room was cleaned this morning（被动语态）
  • 被动语态的构成：be+及物动词过去分词
• 各种时态的被动语态
  • 一般现在时
    • 主动语态：do/does
    • 被动语态：am/is/are done
  • 一般将来时
    • 主动语态：will do/shall do/be going to do/be to do
    • 被动语态：will be done/ shall be done/ be to be done/ be going to be done
  • 一般过去时
    • 主动语态：did
    • 被动语态：was done/ were done
  • 现在完成时
    • 主动语态：have done/ has done
    • 被动语态: have been done/ has been done
  • 现在进行时
    • 主动语态：am/ is / are doing
    • 被动语态：am/ is/ are being done
  • 过去完成时
    • 主动语态：had done
    • 被动语态：had been done
  • 过去进行时
    • 主动语态：was doing/ were doing
    • 被动语态：was being done/ were being done
  • 情态动词
    • 主动语态: 情态动词+do
    • 被动语态： 情态动词+ be done
  • 注意事项
    • 主动句变被动句
      • 谓语动词带双宾语，变成被动句时用for/ to引出表示人的宾语
        • My father is telling me an interesting story now.
        • An interesting is being told to me by my father now.
        • I’m being told and interesting story by my father now.
      • Make/ hear/ see sb do sth变为被动句时+to
        • His words made me throw up.
        • I was made to throw up by his words .
      • 动词短语在否定句中保持完整
        • People often laughed at the old man.
        • The old man was often laughed at by people.
    • 被动句的否定
      • Not放在情态动词/ 助动词后
        • He would be given a doctor’s degree.
        • He would not be given a doctor’s degree.
• 不定式的被动语态
  • 构成
    • 一般式
      • 结构：to be done
      • 意义：和谓语动词同时发生
    • 完成式
      • 结构： to have been done
      • 意义：发生在谓语动词前
  • 功能
    • 作主语
      • It’s a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather.
    • 作宾语
      • The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
    • 作表语
      • Her dream is to be sent to study abroad.
    • 作宾语补足语
      • The captain ordered the flag to be raised.
    • 作定语
      • There were plans to be made at once.
    • 作状语
      • His mother left the small village, never to be seen again.
  • 主动表被动
    • to do放在名词后面作定语时：to do和名词时间有动宾关系。句子的主语又是to do的执行者（逻辑主语）
      • He has a family to support .
      • 若句子的主语不是to do的执行者，不定式用被动
        • I will go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?
    • 形容词+to do作表语/ 宾补：句子的主语/ 宾语是to do的对象（逻辑宾语）
      • That question is difficult to answer.
    • 固定搭配：某些动词不定式放在be 后面作表语，如blame
      • The factory is to blame for the pollution.
    • to do与疑问词连用时
      • Time had no idea which book to read first.