从属连词:有两个that和whether,that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分,that无实义,whether仍然“是否”的含义
The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.
The question is whether they will able to help us out.
连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,
whichever等
That is what we should do first.
The doubt is who has got away with the document.
连接副词:when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等
That was where we camped last time.
The question is however we can do the work better.
其他连接词:从属连词if不用来引导表语从句,但
as if,as,because,like,as though等可以连接表语从句
Things are not as they seem to be.
The old man looked at the picture,he felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago.
特别提醒:
the reason why+句子+is that+从句 ....的原因是.....
That's why+结果:这就是为什么.....
It is because+原因:这是因为.....
虚拟语气
如主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request等名词时,主语无论是单数还是复数,表语从句谓语一律用:(should)+动词原形
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.
I just got word that he isn't coming this evening.
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
与定语从句的区别
that作为引导词
表达的内容不同:
定语从句用来说明名词的性质 特征 来源等
The fact that he presented was a strong proof.
同位语从句用来说明名词的具体内容,进一步解释
The fact that she hadn't said anything surprised us all.
语法作用不同:
定语从句中that是关系代词,指代上文的人或物,指代物时可以which代替
We expressed the hope that Mr.Smith would come to visit China.
同位语从句中that是连词,不可省略,不可以用which代替
The news we heard spread all over the country.
一招定同从句辨析:
将”名词+that“结构取出来,能在名词和that中间加上be动词的结构是同位语从句
The news that Russia had solved the problem spread all over the world.
The news is that Russia had solved the problem spread all over the world.
定语从句则不能在”名词+that“结构中间加上be动词
I have got some news that you may not have heard.
when,where,why
when,where,why引导定语从句时,分别指前面先行词所表示的时间 地点 原因
I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.
when,where,why引导同位语从句则是用来解释和说明先行词的具体内容的
The question where we should go hasn't been discussed.