初中英语语法时态

时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。本思维导图针对初中英语八大时态，有详细的概念，基本结构，时间状语，基本句型。干货满满，赶快收藏学起来吧！

八大时态

• 将来
  • 一般
    • 定义
      • 将要发生/计划开展
      • 状语：tomorrow，soon，in a few minutes...
    • 要点
      • 结构
        • 基本式：am/is/are/going to+do;will/shall＋do
        • 否定式:am/is/are＋not going to＋do;shan't/won't＋do
        • 疑问句:Am/Is/Are/will/shall置句首
      • 易错
        • 语法错误:It is going to be July9.(正:will)带有较强的计划性
• 过去
  • 完成
    • 定义
      • 过去发生，过去结束
      • 状语:before,by the end of last year...
    • 要点
      • 结构
        • 基本式:had＋done
        • 否定式:had＋not＋done
        • 疑问式:Had置句首
      • 易错
        • 时态混乱:He said that he has learnd that lesson.(正:had)
  • 将来
    • 定义
      • 立足过去看将来
        • 状语:the next day,the following month...
    • 要点
      • 结构
        • 基本式:was/were/going to＋do;would/should＋do
        • 否定句:was/were/not＋going to;would/should＋not＋do
        • 疑问句:Was/Were;Would/Should 置句首
      • 易错
        • 时态混:He said that he will fly a kite that afternoon.(正:would)
  • 进行
    • 定义
      • 过去正在（状语:at this time yesterday.at that time或when引导的从句) when:when he came in,I was reading a newspaper.
    • 要点
      • 结构
        • 基本句:was/were＋doing
        • 否定句:was/were＋not＋doing.
        • 疑问句Was/Were置句首
      • 易错
        • They was planting tress...(正:were)be动词
        • She was writein;toher friend.(正:writing)现在分词
  • 一般
    • 定义
      • 过去经常（状语:ago.yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week...）
    • 要点
      • 动词过去式
      • 结构
        • 基本式:Be动词或行为动词过去 式，She often came to help us in those days.
        • 否定句:was/were＋not或didn't.I didn't know you were so busy.
        • 疑问句:Was/Were置句首;Did...动词原型...
      • 易错
        • 助动词错误:Does he visit that school yesterday？(正:Did)
        • 过去式错误:She taked off her coat.(正:took)
• 现在
  • 一般
    • 定义
      • 习惯动作/普遍常识(状语:always,often,every...)
      • He is always ready to help others.
    • 要点
      • 第三人称单数，易错:He wash his face every morning.(正:washes)
      • 结构
        • 否定句:am/is/are＋not. don't/doesn't行为动词
        • 疑问句Am/Is/Are... Do/Does行为动词，易错:Are you always help him？（正:Do）
  • 进行
    • 定义
      • 正在进行（状语:now,at this time,these days...）
    • 要点
      • 现在分词，变形
      • 结构
        • 基本式:am/is/are＋doing
        • 否定句:am/is/are＋not＋doing 易错：They is talking now.(正:are) 易错：They talking now.(加:are)
        • 疑问句:Am/Is/Are置句首
  • 完成
    • 定义
      • 过去发生，现在完成或持续，不适用于短暂性动作：open,close,buy,die
      • 状语：recently,lately,since,for,in the past...
    • 要点
      • 结构
        • 基本式：have/has＋done. I've written an article.
        • 否定句：have/has＋not＋done
        • 疑问句：Have/Has置句首
      • 易错
        • 结构错误：He taught English for about ten years.(加，has)
        • 短暂动词：He has died for ten years.(正:has been dead)
        • 分词错误：They have already drove to the village.(正:driven)
      • 过去分词