subjunctive虚拟

这是一篇关于subjunctive虚拟的思维导图，讲述了虚拟语气、BE-subjunctive、WERE-subjunctive、假设意义错综虚拟等。

subjunctive 虚拟

• 虚拟语气
  • 对将来事实的虚拟
    • would/could/should/might +do
      • 结果
      • If + were to do
        • 条件
        • If he were to come tomorrow, I would speak to him.
      • If + should do
        • If he should come tomorrow, I would speak to him.
      • If + did
        • If he came tomorrow, I would speak to him.
  • 对现在事实的虚拟
    • would/could/should/might +do
      • If + did
        • If I were you, I would take his advice.
  • 对过去事实的虚拟
    • would/could/might + have done
      • If+had done
        • If I hadn’t married my husband here, he could not have died.
• BE-subjunctive
  • 名词性从句类
    • • I suggest/advise/propose you (should) study hard.
    • decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, etc.+that-分句
      • The doctor recommended that we (should) eat more vegetables and fruit.
      • He ordered that all the books (should) be sent at once.
        • be sent--should be sent\to be sent
    • It is/was important (necessary, appropriate, proper, right, essential, vital, etc) that… 引导的从句动词要用（should） do
      • It is important that we should think (think) before we decide.
      • It is necessary that he come back without delay.
    • It is + v-ed (advise, decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request require, suggest, vote, etc.) + that-clause [subject +(should) + v.
      • It is recommended that English majors (should) enlarge our vocabulary.
      • It is impossible for me to complete the assigned task.
    • It is/ was strange/( surprising/ unthinkable/ unnatural/ dreadful) that…, 在这种句型中，should 常常译为“竟然”
      • It is strange that he should be so rude.
    • Predicative clause
      • N. (advice, decision, decree, demand, insistence, order, preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, vote, etc. ) + be + that-clause [subject +(should) + v.
        • Their decision was that the school (should) remain closed.
        • My proposal is that you (should) buy an E-E dictionary.
  • if/ though/ whatever/ so long as/ whether/ lest+分句
    • 表示推测、让步、防备等
    • If he be found guilty,John shall have the right of appeal .
    • Though everyone desert you,I will not.
  • express a wish, prayer, curse,ect.
    • God bless you!
    • He will remain here if need be.
• WERE-subjunctive
  • 由if, if only, as if, as though, though引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步
    • If I were you, I should wait till next week.
    • If only I were(was) not so nervous.
  • wish, would rather, suppose, imagine+that-分句
    • 表示一种不可能发生的情况
    • I wish it were(was) spring all the year round.
    • I’d rather I weren't (wasn't) at the site of the accident.
• 假设意义
  • 用动词过去式
    • It is （about、high) time (that)+V-ed
      • It is time that we went to bed.
      • It is about time you made up your mind.
      • It is high time you went to bed.
    • I would rather/ sooner (that) you/ he/ they…+V-ed\had V-ed
      • I'm told they are going by bus ,but I would rather they went by train.
      • He didn't attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.
    • If only…+V-ed\had V-ed
      • If only I knew her address.
      • If only I had gone be taxi.
    • He behaves as if/ as though…+V-ed\had V-ed
      • He behaves as if he owned this place.
      • She lokked as if she had had some bad news.
    • I wish (that)…+V-ed\had V-ed\would、could、might+V-ed
      • I wish you were coming with me ,Peter.
      • I wish I hadn't said that.
      • I wish you would listen to your parents’ advice.
• 错综虚拟
  • 与过去事实相反+与现在事实相反
    • If he had studied hard, he might pass。
    • If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast. 如果她以前没有训练得那么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑得那么快。
  • 与现在事实相反+与过去事实相反
    • If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。
• 倒装虚拟
  • 去if把谓语动词（had/were）提至主语前
    • Were I in your shoes, I would let him know what I thought of him. Were it not for their loan, our life would be difficult.
    • Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn’t have happened. Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it.
    • Were I to do the job, I would reform it.
    • Should she be interested, her father would resign.