学而思语法系列：16.句型

本系列导图是学而思小初语法课（1-9年级）知识点的归纳总结，涵盖6*时态 1*被动语态，8大词性，5种句型，3种从句。树叶内容是课堂上老师指导的快速记忆方法。

句型

• 一般疑问句
  • Yes, No回答的问句；否定回答，多用缩略形式
  • 有be提be有情提情 无be无情找助动
    • Be + 主语+其他？
      • Are you a super boy? No, I'm not. Is your teacher friendly? No, She isn't.
    • 情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他？
      • Can you fly in the sky? Could you make friends with me?
    • 助动词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他？
      • do, does, did, have, has
      • Do you eat anything every day? Does she assign a lot of homework?
• 特殊疑问句
  • 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
  • 特殊疑问词 9+N
    • what，who， whose， whom， which， where， when， why， how
    • How many 多少数量 + 名词复数 How much 多少数量，多少钱 + 不可数名词 How long 多长时间 + 现在完成时 How far 多远距离 How often 多久一次 How soon 多久以后 + will(一般将来时)
• There be句型
  • (某地)有某物；(某时)有某事
  • There be (not)＋可数名词单数\ 不可数名词
  • There be (not)＋(some/any) 可数名词复数
  • 疑问句及回答
    • Be there ...？
      • Is there any money in the purse? Yes, there is. No, there isn't.
  • be的时态
    • is, are, was, were, will be, be going to do
      • There is a special building. There are some UFOs in the sky. There is some water in the bottle.
      • There was a temple in the mountain. There were many old monks in the temple.
      • There will be a sports meeting next week. There is going to be a sports meeting next week.
    • 连接多个成分时 要使用就近原则
      • There is a sheep and three wolves. There are five books and a pen.
• 祈使句
  • 表示叮嘱、劝告、请求(please)、命令等的句子。
  • Do型
    • Listen to me! Take notes, please! Keep quiet! Keep off the grass! Wash your hands!
  • Be型
    • Be careful! Be kind to your sister! Be a good student!
  • Let型
    • Let's stay at home! Let me help you! Let him do it!
    • Let's not stay at home!
  • 否定
    • Don't do ...
      • Don't laugh at others!
    • Don't be ...
      • Don't be late!
    • Let + 宾语 + not + 其他! Don't let + 宾语 + 其他!
      • Let's not stay at home! Don't let him do it!
    • No + n.型
  • 祈使句无主语，主语You常省略 动词原形谓语当，句首加Don't否定变 朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号！
  • 两大重要句型
    • 祈使句 + and + 一般将来时
      • 做某事将会...
      • If you hurry up, you will catch the train. Hurry up and you will catch the train.
    • 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时
      • 做某事否则...
      • If you don't hurry up, you will miss the train. Hurry up or you will miss the train.
• 反意疑问句
  • 原则
    • 肯否不一
  • 结构
    • 陈叔叔 + 简阿姨
    • 陈述句
      • 陈述部分带有否定性的词
        • no, nobody, nothing, none, few, little, never, hardly(几乎不), seldom, rarely
        • You have never seen dinosaur eggs, have you? Nobody knows about the news, do they / does he? Nothing is wrong with your watch, is it?
      • 否定词缀(im-, un-, dis-)不能视为 否定词，陈述部分仍视为肯定形式
        • It is impossible, isn't it? He looks unhappy, doesn't he? The girl dislikes history, doesn't she?
    • 简短疑问句
      • 动词be情来帮助
        • Miss Xia and Baby face are twins, aren't they? He can't fly in the sky, can he? She eats an apple every day, doesn't she?
        • have/has
          • 实义动词: do/does (have to/have a good time/have sth.) The boy has a good time, doesn't he? he has to stop, doesn't he?
          • 助动词: have/has (无意义, have/has done) He has eaten 80 candies, hasn't he?
      • 必须用代词
      • 否定用缩略
        • I'm right, aren't I?
  • 回答
    • 事实是：Yes, ...
    • 事实不：No, ...
      • You aren't asleep, are you? No(是的), I'm not. Sally doesn't like pop music,does she? No, she doesn't. She is a fan of classical music.
  • 祈使句的反意疑问句
    • 一般情况：will you?
      • Close the window, will you? / won't you? Don't go out, will you?
    • Let's 型：shall we? Let us型：will you?
      • Let's stay at home, shall we? Let us stay at home, will you?
• 感叹句
  • What + (a/an) + adj. + 名词 (+主+谓)!
    • What a beautiful flower! What beautiful flowers!
  • How + adj./adv. (+主+谓)!
    • How beautiful the flower is! How quickly Liu Xiang runs!
    • How I love my mother!
  • 感叹句并不难，关键要把主谓找 主谓之前是名词，用上what错不了 主谓之前形和副，大胆放心用上How