2-1population大学英美概况第二章思维导图

大学英美概况第二章思维导图，必备复习资料分享，方便大家备考时翻阅查看，提高复习效率，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Population: Diverse&ever-growing

• Character&Customs
  • pioneering spirit: to be rich&undisciplines
  • to question, analyze&search
  • More informality&less social distinction
  • Frankness of admitting weaknesses
  • Topic to avoid
• Composition
  • 3rd most populous (270 million)
  • melting pot: mixture & assimilation of different races
    • 吸收；接受
    • meaning
      • Academics-cultural diversity
      • Immigrants
        • Ireland
        • Germany
        • Poland
        • Italy
        • Western Africa
      • The American Dream-land of opportunity
        • individual freedom(choice of lifestyle)
        • equal access to economic abundance
        • pursuit of shared objectives mutually advantageous to the individual&society
          • 彼此
    • four races
      • Native American/American Indian
        • since 1492: tortured by driving to "Indian Reservations"(mostly deprived&unhappy)
          • 隔离
          • 印第安人保留地
      • African American 12.4%
        • 1619: indentured servants, Jamestown-first settlement of UK
          • 契约劳动力
          • after 1619: brought to colonies as slaves
        • after 1863 Emancipation, freedom acquired
          • 解放
        • until 1954: official segregation continued
          • 隔离
      • Asian 2.9%
        • 1847: Chinese first came to emerge from poverty to work in mines, on railroads
          • Chinatown
        • after 1945: considered industrious&intelligent as "model minority"
        • 1990: over twice times compared with immigrants in 1980
      • Hispanics(Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries: Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, etc.)
        • growing rapidly
      • White 75.1%
        • WASPs 45%-White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
          • privilege
  • mosaic: diverse multicultural society(retains its own distinctive identity)
• US Census Bureau-political purpose(count votes)
• Restriction on immigration
  • Prior to 1875: free access
  • After 1875: laws restricting on the basis of morality, race and national origin
  • 1952: preferential system for skilled workers and relatives of US citizens
  • Communists prohibited
  • 1980: 270,000 limit(in fact 700,000)
  • 1990:700,000 limit
  • After 1995: 675,000 limit
• Distribution
  • Uneven
  • Four densely-populated regions
    • Atlantic seaboard
    • Great Lakes
    • Pacific coast
    • Gulf of Mexico
  • Great Plains: sparsely populated
• New York City
  • The Statue of LIberty
• Population Density
  • the number of people living in a given ares(km^2)
• Sparsely Populated
  • places with a few people living there with a low population
• Densely Populated
  • places that are crowded with a high population density
• Population Distribution
  • how spread out people are across US