英美概况7-1Reconstruction

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Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism

• Reconstruction in the South
  • Period/Program
  • 4 questions the country faced
    • What relationship between the former Confederate states and the federal Union? What should be demanded of them?
    • Who responsible for the Confederate rebellion? Who should be punished?
    • What position of the newly-freed slaves? Rights?
    • How Southern economy be converted from slave-labor to free-labor
  • Lincoln-Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 1863
    • 10% plan
    • 10% of the state voters swore loyalty to the U.S.A.
    • abolished slavery
    • rejoin national government
  • Congress
    • Wade-Davis Bill
      • majority swore loyalty
      • deprive Confederate soldiers' vote and political rights
    • Freedman' Bureau
      • give blacks rights
    • Civil Rights Act
      • All citizenship
    • Tenures of Office Act
      • can't remove Cabinet members without approval
    • Ratification
      • threw out all southern states that refused to ratify 14th Amendment
      • transform all the former Confederate states into 5 military districts
      • Southern states
        • write a new state constitution
        • forced to ratify 14th Amendment
      • gives blacks right to vote
      • Pres veto
        • Congress overrode the veto with a 2/3 majority vote
  • Southern legislatures-Black Codes
    • limit blacks' rights
  • Andrew Johnson
    • Why him
      • South white
      • Oppose Civil War
    • Reconstruction Plan
      • majority swore loyalty
      • ratify(approve) Thirteenth Amendment
  • Ulysses.S.Grant became president 1868
    • 15th Amendment give African-American right to vote
  • Carpetbagger
    • Northerners moved into S
  • Scalawags
    • traitors
    • Southerners change from Democrats to Republicans
      • control the Negro votes for their political and economic purposes
  • Ku Klux Klan
    • southern white
    • resented the black political power
    • aim
      • drive blacks out of politics
      • end Reconstruction
      • restore white supermacy
  • "sharecropper"
    • 佃农
    • let Negros rent land
    • Negros purchase seed, tools
    • a cycle of povertya
  • Jim Crow Laws
    • Segregation
    • based on the stereotype that blacks are lazy and poor
    • limited right to vote 
      • pay
      • literacy