6-2Road to Civil War思维导图

英美概况第六章的思维导图，必备复习资料分享，方便大家备考时翻阅查看，提高复习效率，希望对大家备考有所帮助

• Road to the civil war
  • Economic antagonism between north & south
    • North
      • harsh climate, poor soil quality
      • Industry & commerce
        • Factory-based industry
          • Industry is the king
            • Free slaves
              • became workers
    • South
      • 75% plantation
      • Cotton (slavery as a necessary evil)
        • one-crop economy
          • Cotton is the king
        • slavery-social institution
        • White
          • Wealthy
            • profit
          • Poor
            • psychological comfort
    • Eli Whitney's cotton gin
      • 轧棉机
      • allow North & South change machine parts instead of the whole machine
        • reduce loss
        • South relied on slaves more(plant and care about cottons)
  • Moral factor
    • Uncle Tom's Cabin-Harriet Beecher Stowe(abolitionist)
      • Describe slaves as kind and loyal to pwners
        • contrary to reality
          • against the Bible
            • "All men are brothers"
      • Aroused hatred between South and North
        • North
          • More people disliked slavery
          • Criticized landowners in South
          • ask the end of slavery
        • South
          • Many considered the book a liar
          • They insisted they treated blacks well
          • Factories treated workers and slaves cruelly
          • Call slaves in North "wage labor"
  • Westward Movement
    • Missouri Queation
      • Balance of the power of free states and slave states in Congress broke
        • Senate
          • Each state send two equal numbers of representatives
        • the House of Representatives
          • Based on population
    • Missouri Compromise 1821
      • Balance of slave & free state
      • • American territory
          • Apply for statehood
        • Missouri become a slave state
        • Maine was admitted as a free state
        • Balance was kept
    • Compromise of 1850
      • California became a free state
        • Balance was broke again
      • Rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into Utah(UT) and New Mexico(NM)
        • People in UT and NW used popular sovereignty to decide on the slavery issue
          • 人民主权论
          • Gave more power to the state government
      • The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
      • The Fugitive Slave Law was passed
        • 逃亡者
        • All Americans were required to help catch runaway slaves
          • Infuriated northerners
            • Ignore
            • Were forced to oppose slavery
          • Frederick Douglass got free
            • Slave narrative
            • Made speeches to oppose the Law
    • Kansas-Nebraska Act
      • Nebraska Territory was divided into Nebraska(NE) and Kansas(KS)
        • popular sovereignty
          • Seemingly democratic
          • People living in this area decide the future of it
    • Bleeding Kansas
      • N came to keep KS a slave state
      • S came to keep KS a free state
      • Both sides claimed victory on the vote
      • Northerners Criticize Southerners on newspapers
      • Southerners break into the newspaper office and throw the printing press into Missouri River
      • John Brown(abolitionist) 1856
        • Murdered five proslavery men
        • was hanged
        • Effects of John Brown's Raid
          • Aroused widespread support for Brown in the North
          • Increased southern fears that abolitionists would inspire slave revolts
          • United white southerners in support of the South
          • Probably speed the coming of the Civil War
  • Lincoln and Douglass debate for senator(1858)
    • Emphasized the division over Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision
    • Brought Lincoln's opposition to slavery's spread to a national audience
    • Caused Douglas to lose support in the North and the South
  • The Election of 1860
    • Split in Democratic Party allowed Lincoln's election as president
    • Left both houses of Congress in northern hands with an opponent of slavery heading the executive
    • Secession
      • Fears in South Carolina that a northern-controlled government would act against slavery; South Carolina withdrew from the Union
      • Several other slave states followed South Carolina's lead and formed the Confederate States of America