Cognitive linguistics is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world
Construal
Construal is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity , different mental scanning , directionality , vantage point , figure - ground segregation etc .
Construal operation
Attention/Salience
Judgment/Comparison
Perspective/ Situatedness
Categorization
Superordinate Level
Superordinate level categories are the most general ones . The members of a superordinate category do not have enough features in common to conjure up a common gestalt at this level .
Basic Level
The categories at the basic level are those that are most culturally salient and are required to fulfill our cognitive needs the best.
Subordinate Level
They have clearly identifiable gestalts and lots of individual specific features . At this level , we perceive the differences between the members of the basic categories .
Blending Theory
A cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more " mental spaces " are integrated via projection into a new , blended space which has its unique structure .
Metonymy
definition
Metonymy, is cognitive linguistics, is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain .
two general conceptual configurations
Whole ICM and Its Part(s)
Parts of an ICM
(Conceptual) Metaphor
definition
Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other . It ' s often described in terms of a target domain and a source domain .
three types
Ontological metaphor
Structural metaphor
Orientational metaphor
Image Schema
definition
Image schema is a recurring , dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience .
9 tapes
A center-periphery schema
A containment schema
A cycle schema
A force schema
A link schema
A part-whole schema
A path schema
A scale schema
A verticality schema
三者区别
Metaphor
a cross-domain mapping from the source to target
Metonymy
a within-domain mental access from vehicle to target
Metaphor is based on similarity while metonymy is based on contihuity
