语言变化

语言学第七章语言学第七章语言变化主要内容思维导图，介绍了历史语言学的定义、词汇和语义变化、语言变化的原因、形态和句法变化等几个方面的内容。

Chapter 7 Language change

• Lexical and semantic change
  • Addition of new words
    • coinage创新词
    • clipped words缩略词
    • blending紧缩法
    • acronyms首字母缩略法
    • back-formation逆构词法
    • functional shift功能转换法
    • borrowing借词法
  • Loss of words
  • Semantic changes
    • Semantic broadening词义的扩大
    • Semantic narrowing意义的缩小
    • Semantic shift意义转换
• some recent trends
  • moving towards greater informality
  • the influence of American English
  • the influence of science and technology
    • space travel
    • computer and internet language
    • ecology
• Causes of language change
  • Rapid development of science and technology
  • Social and political charges&political needs
  • Woman go out for work leading to new neutral job titles
  • Language acquisition of children
  • Economy of memory
  • Regularization of exceptional plural forms
• Morphological and syntactic change
  • Addition of affixes前缀的增加
  • Loss of affixes词缀的消失
  • Change of word order词序的改变
  • Change in negation rule否定规则的变化
• Phonological change
• Definition of historical linguistics
  • description and explanation of language changes that occurred over time