Pidgin:It is a special language variety that mixes or blends language sand it used by people who speak different language for restricted purpose, such as trading.
Limited vocabbulary
A very reduced grammatical structure characterized by the loss of infection, gender and case.
Creole:When a Pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community,and is acquired by the children of that speech community at the native language. It's sad to have become a Creole.
The structure of the original Pidgin is expanded to enable is to fulfill its new functions.
The vocabulary is vastly enriched, and new syntactic-semantic concepts developed.
Choosing a code
Diglossia双语
It refers to a situation where to varieties of language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play
Feature:specialization of function of the two varieties两种语言变体功能的具体化
Bilingualism and multilingualism双语现象和多语现象
Bilingualism
It is a situation where two languages are used side by side，with each having a different role to play.
Language switching occurs when the situation changes
Multilingualism
Code-switching语码转换
definition
语码转化是指说话者或写作者从一种语言或语言变体转又另一种语言或语言变体的现象。
Situational Code-switching语码转换
不同情境使用不同的语言
Metaphorical Code-switching隐喻语码转换
话题转变语言也随之转变
Linguistic taboos and Euphemisms
Taboo:It is a term that is avoided for religious，political or sexual reasons and is usually replaced by a Euphemism.
eg:用 restroom or bathroom 代替toilet
Euphemisms:Refers to the use of a word which is thought to be less offensive or unpleasant than another world.
eg:用pass away 代替die
The scope of sociolinguistics
Defiition of sociolinguistics
study the relation between language and society
the users of language and the social structures in which the users of language live
The reletedness beween language and society
Language can establish and maintain social relationship
The language is in part determined by social background
Speech community and speech variety
Speech community: The social group that is singled out for any special study
Speech variety: Refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers linguistic features of a speech variety
