The role of native language in second language learning
Definition of language transfer
Learners's use of prior linguistic information or physically carry over of native languages suface to a second language context
本族语表层形式→第二语言语境 eg to touch the society
Factors in determining language transfer in second language learning
A learner's psychology, how a learner organize his or her native language
Perception of native-target language distance
Actual knowledge of the target language
Influences of native language
Occur as direct linguistic reflexes at phonological , lexical, syntactic or discoursal levels
Directly reflect underlying organizational principles of language at cognitive level
May result in learners avoidance of certain target language structures, different learning rates, over production and different learning paths
Second language learning models and input hypothesis第二语言的学习模式和输入假说
Second language learning models
mainly divided on the point
To what extent second language acquisition is a function of innateness
adopt innateness position
A leaner's structural knowledge allows him or her to construct the grammar of the target language on the basis of limited data
oppose innateness position
Language acquisition and social interaction are mutually dependent and that language acquisition cannot be understand if detached from the context it occurs
Individual differences
Language aptitudes
Motivation
instrumental motivation
intergrative motivation
resultative motivation
instrinsic motivation
Learning strategories
Age of acquisition
Personality
Second language acquisition and its pedagogical implications
Interlanguage中介语
S.Pit Corder and Larry Selinker
A continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language本族语和目的语之间的连续体或临界体
Features
systematicity系统性
permeability渗透性
fossilization语言石化现象
Error analysis
Interlingual errors语际错误
跨语言干扰
Phonological
Lexical
Grammatical
Discoursal
Intralingual errors语内错误
Overgeneralization过度概括
将以前适用的策略运用于新的场合
Cross-assosiation互相联想
意义相近，拼写和发音也相近，导致混淆
对目的语的错误或不完全的学习造成的，与本族语无关
Contrastive analysis
Connections and differences between first language acquisition and second language acquisition第一语言习得和第二语言习得之间的联系
Connections
The first language study→providing new facts→Second language learning
