导图社区 PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners
对剑桥PET精讲精练教材中中的限定词用法进行梳理,包括指示限定词、个体限定词、数量限定词、名词所有格、人称代词与物主代词、反身代词、There and it to be 的用法等,包括一张知识地图与4个知识卡片
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这张 PET 英语语法思维导图系统归纳各类英语连接词的用法。首先是原因类连接词 because、as、since,because of 后面接名词短语;回答 why 提问只能使用 because,不能用 as 或 since。结果类 so 一般放在句中,therefore 多用于书面、常置于句首,还提供了句式改写和同义互换的练习思路。目的类 to 和 in order to 用来解释行为目的,也可以直接回答 why 引导的问句。转折让步部分,but 放在句中;although 与 though 语气更强,切记二者不可以和 but 同时连用,位置可以是句首或者句中;in spite of 与 despite 后面只能接名词或者名词短语,不能直接接完整句子。并列选择结构 both…and… 表示两者都,可以连接人物、事物或动作;either…or… 表达二选一。最后梳理时间连接词 when、until、before、after、as soon as、while,重点强调时间状语从句描述将来事件时,从句要使用一般现在时,不可以使用 will。导图按语义类别整理连接词,区分句式位置、搭配限制与易错禁忌,配套例句帮助辨析,理清考试高频易错点。无论备考 PET 英语、整理初中连词知识点或是做语法专项复习的人员,都可以借助这份导图梳理记忆。
这张 PET 英语语法思维导图梳理了 So、Such、Enough、Too 的相关用法。首先讲解 so 和 such 的强调用法,so 后直接搭配形容词或者副词;遇到名词时,so 后面只能接 many/few/much/little 再加名词。such 后面一般接(a)形容词再加名词,也可以搭配 a lot of 再加名词,要区分单数可数名词、复数名词以及不可数名词的不同形式。接着介绍 so…that 与 such…that 引导的结果状语从句,so 后接形容词或副词,such 后接名词短语,由 that 引出事件带来的结果,并且配有多组例句示范句式。之后讲解 enough 和 too 的用法,二者含义不同,enough 代表 “足够”,属于肯定含义;too 代表 “太过、过多”,带有否定倾向。在句中的放置位置有明确区别,enough 放在名词前面,放在形容词、副词后面;too 放在 many/much 或者形容词、副词之前。思维导图还整理了和不定式的搭配,too…to 含义为 “太…… 而不能”,enough…to 含义为 “足够…… 可以”,并且点明二者之间可以进行同义句转换,另外还补充了 too/enough 后接 for somebody 或者 something 的句式。整张导图区分易混词汇,整理位置规则与句型转换要点,梳理考试高频考点。无论备考 PET 英语、巩固初中英语基础语法或是做专项刷题复习的人员,都可以借助这份导图理清知识点。
这张 PET 英语语法思维导图讲解定语从句,首先解释什么是定语从句,它的基本功能是对人、事、地点等补充定义和解释,由 who、which、whose、where、that 这类关系代词进行引导,还通过例句拆解主句、关系代词以及定语从句三个组成部分。接着用表格逐一梳理各个关系代词的用法,who 用来指代人,which 用来指代事物,that 既可以指代人也可以指代事物,能够替代 who 或者 which;where 用于地点,还可以用 at/in which 进行替换;whose 表示所属关系,意思是谁的,这一项不能够用 that 替换,每一项都配套示范例句加深理解。之后重点梳理关系代词可以省略和不可以省略的判定规则,当从句内部已经自带主语,关系代词不作从句的主语时,关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词本身充当从句里面动词的主语,后面没有另外新的主语,这时关系代词就不可以省略,同样借助多组例句对照演示两种情形。整套内容从基础概念、单词用法再到省略判定逐层展开,厘清定语从句的核心考点。无论备考 PET 英语、复习初中定语从句知识点或是做语法专项练习的人员,都可以借助这份导图理清学习重点。
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这张 PET 英语语法思维导图系统归纳各类英语连接词的用法。首先是原因类连接词 because、as、since,because of 后面接名词短语;回答 why 提问只能使用 because,不能用 as 或 since。结果类 so 一般放在句中,therefore 多用于书面、常置于句首,还提供了句式改写和同义互换的练习思路。目的类 to 和 in order to 用来解释行为目的,也可以直接回答 why 引导的问句。转折让步部分,but 放在句中;although 与 though 语气更强,切记二者不可以和 but 同时连用,位置可以是句首或者句中;in spite of 与 despite 后面只能接名词或者名词短语,不能直接接完整句子。并列选择结构 both…and… 表示两者都,可以连接人物、事物或动作;either…or… 表达二选一。最后梳理时间连接词 when、until、before、after、as soon as、while,重点强调时间状语从句描述将来事件时,从句要使用一般现在时,不可以使用 will。导图按语义类别整理连接词,区分句式位置、搭配限制与易错禁忌,配套例句帮助辨析,理清考试高频易错点。无论备考 PET 英语、整理初中连词知识点或是做语法专项复习的人员,都可以借助这份导图梳理记忆。
这张 PET 英语语法思维导图梳理了 So、Such、Enough、Too 的相关用法。首先讲解 so 和 such 的强调用法,so 后直接搭配形容词或者副词;遇到名词时,so 后面只能接 many/few/much/little 再加名词。such 后面一般接(a)形容词再加名词,也可以搭配 a lot of 再加名词,要区分单数可数名词、复数名词以及不可数名词的不同形式。接着介绍 so…that 与 such…that 引导的结果状语从句,so 后接形容词或副词,such 后接名词短语,由 that 引出事件带来的结果,并且配有多组例句示范句式。之后讲解 enough 和 too 的用法,二者含义不同,enough 代表 “足够”,属于肯定含义;too 代表 “太过、过多”,带有否定倾向。在句中的放置位置有明确区别,enough 放在名词前面,放在形容词、副词后面;too 放在 many/much 或者形容词、副词之前。思维导图还整理了和不定式的搭配,too…to 含义为 “太…… 而不能”,enough…to 含义为 “足够…… 可以”,并且点明二者之间可以进行同义句转换,另外还补充了 too/enough 后接 for somebody 或者 something 的句式。整张导图区分易混词汇,整理位置规则与句型转换要点,梳理考试高频考点。无论备考 PET 英语、巩固初中英语基础语法或是做专项刷题复习的人员,都可以借助这份导图理清知识点。
这张 PET 英语语法思维导图讲解定语从句,首先解释什么是定语从句,它的基本功能是对人、事、地点等补充定义和解释,由 who、which、whose、where、that 这类关系代词进行引导,还通过例句拆解主句、关系代词以及定语从句三个组成部分。接着用表格逐一梳理各个关系代词的用法,who 用来指代人,which 用来指代事物,that 既可以指代人也可以指代事物,能够替代 who 或者 which;where 用于地点,还可以用 at/in which 进行替换;whose 表示所属关系,意思是谁的,这一项不能够用 that 替换,每一项都配套示范例句加深理解。之后重点梳理关系代词可以省略和不可以省略的判定规则,当从句内部已经自带主语,关系代词不作从句的主语时,关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词本身充当从句里面动词的主语,后面没有另外新的主语,这时关系代词就不可以省略,同样借助多组例句对照演示两种情形。整套内容从基础概念、单词用法再到省略判定逐层展开,厘清定语从句的核心考点。无论备考 PET 英语、复习初中定语从句知识点或是做语法专项练习的人员,都可以借助这份导图理清学习重点。
PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners
指示限定词
this/ that
these/ those
可被用做形容词或代词
one/ ones
不想重复之前的名词时使用
This one. / The one of a sunset.
常与形容词一起使用
The red ones.
个体限定词
each/ every
二者之后均使用单数动词
each:在特定群体中的事或人是不同的
We tried each colour on the wall.
every:在特定群体中所有的人或事相同
Every room in the hotel has a TV.
each之后可使用of+名词/代词
Each of them had a different job.
当讨论时间时
every强调规律性(regularly)
They go to a different place every week.
all 强调完整性(completely)
They spent all week in my room.
both/ either/ neither
讨论两个人/事时使用
可单独使用,也可与名词或代词一起使用
Both lights are nice.
Either colour is OK.
Either of the colours/ them is/ are OK.
Neither colour looks good.
Neither of the colours/ them looks/ look good.
all与both后可跟动词
They're all mad.
We've both finished.
数量限定词
some/ any
均可用在可数名词与不可数名词之前
在表示请求(requests)或提议(offers)的问句中使用some
Can you buy some crisps?
Shall I buy some food?
somebody/ anybody/ nobody/ everybody etc.
可用于指代人、事、地点
something/ anything/ nothing
somewhere/ anywhere/ nowhere
“every+人/事/地点”有复数的含义,但使用单数动词
Where is everybody?
Everything is organised.
much/ many/ a lot of/a few/ a little
a lot of/ lots of 既可用于可数名词,也可用不可数名词
a few(=more than two but less than a lot)/ many 用于可数名词
a couple of(=two)/ several(=more than a few) 用于可数名词
a little/ much 用于不可数名词
all/ most/ some/ none/ no
表达通常的人或事时,直接+名词使用
All teenagers watch TV
No bedroom has a fridge
表达特定群体或特定事务时,需+(of)+the/ my/ this etc. +名词/代词使用
All (of) the teenagers went home early.
Most of my friends like it.
None of the paintings is modern.
Some of them were very old.
名词所有格
Possessive 's
表示人或动物所有格时使用
The boy's bedroom was untidy.
The dog's teeth are very sharp.
在表示时间的词语/短语后使用
I missed last night's programme.
在第二个名词为家或商业场所时省略
I stayed at Sally's (=Sally's flat)
He works in the newsagent's. (= the newsagent's shop)
注意:省略符号's在名词单数和复数中的位置不同
my cousin's friends
my cousins' friends
of
表示事物的所有格时使用
What's the price of that holiday?
There and it + to be
There and it + to be
there + to be
人/事已存在,且第一次讨论
There were lots of people in the flat.
Is there a newsagent's near here?
it + to be
之前已经讨论过的事
There's a newsagent in this street. It's on the corner.
用于讨论时间、天气或距离
It's sunny here and it's nine o'clock in the evening.
It's ten kilometres from here to the city centre.
反身代词 Reflexive pronouns
反身代词
I
you (单)
he
she
it
we
you
they
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
具体用法
当主语和宾语是同一个人/事时使用
Tim hurt himself when he fell off his bike.
enjoy (your)self : 过得愉快,请自便
Sally really enjoyed herself.
help (your)self:别客气,请自便
Help yourself to some food.
behave (your)self:劝人要有礼貌,行为得体
By (your)self = on your own
Sally wanted to be by herself. (on her own)
人称代词与物主代词
类别与用法
主语代词 Subject pronouns
I/you/he/she /it/we/they
作为动词的主语使用
She give him her key.
宾语代词 Object pronouns
me/you/him/her /it/us/them
作为动词的宾语使用
He invited them to a party.
物主代词 Possessive pronouns
mine/yours/his /her/ours/theirs
不与名词一同使用
Give that key to her. It's not yours.
所有格限定词 Possessive determiners
my/your/his/ her/its/our/their
在名词前使用
I went with my friends.
He sees his girlfriend every night.
She shares a flat with her brother.
在对肢体或衣服 进行限定时使用
Tony broke his leg.
They changed their shoes when they came in.
强调某物属于 某人时可用own
He doesn't have his own flat. (a flat just for him)
比较
This bicycle is mine.
This bicycle is the boy's.
This is my bicycle.
This is the boy's bicycle.
This bicycle belongs to me.
This bicycle belongs to the boy.
导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners
导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
名词所有格
Possessive 's
表示人或动物所有格时使用
The boy's bedroom was untidy.
The dog's teeth are very sharp.
在表示时间的词语/短语后使用
I missed last night's programme.
在第二个名词为家或商业场所时省略
I stayed at Sally's (=Sally's flat)
He works in the newsagent's. (= the newsagent's shop)
注意:省略符号's在名词单数和复数中的位置不同
my cousin's friends
my cousins' friends
of
表示事物的所有格时使用
What's the price of that holiday?
数量限定词
some/ any
均可用在可数名词与不可数名词之前
在表示请求(requests)或提议(offers)的问句中使用some
Can you buy some crisps?
Shall I buy some food?
somebody/ anybody/ nobody/ everybody etc.
可用于指代人、事、地点
something/ anything/ nothing
somewhere/ anywhere/ nowhere
“every+人/事/地点”有复数的含义,但使用单数动词
Where is everybody?
Everything is organised.
much/ many/ a lot of/a few/ a little
a lot of/ lots of 既可用于可数名词,也可用不可数名词
a few(=more than two but less than a lot)/ many 用于可数名词
a couple of(=two)/ several(=more than a few) 用于可数名词
a little/ much 用于不可数名词
all/ most/ some/ none/ no
表达通常的人或事时,直接+名词使用
All teenagers watch TV
No bedroom has a fridge
表达特定群体或特定事务时,需+(of)+the/ my/ this etc. +名词/代词使用
All (of) the teenagers went home early.
Most of my friends like it.
None of the paintings is modern.
Some of them were very old.
PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners
制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
人称代词与物主代词
类别与用法
主语代词 Subject pronouns
I/you/he/she /it/we/they
作为动词的主语使用
She give him her key.
宾语代词 Object pronouns
me/you/him/her /it/us/them
作为动词的宾语使用
He invited them to a party.
物主代词 Possessive pronouns
mine/yours/his /her/ours/theirs
不与名词一同使用
Give that key to her. It's not yours.
所有格限定词 Possessive determiners
my/your/his/ her/its/our/their
在名词前使用
I went with my friends.
He sees his girlfriend every night.
She shares a flat with her brother.
在对肢体或衣服 进行限定时使用
Tony broke his leg.
They changed their shoes when they came in.
强调某物属于某人时 可用own
He doesn't have his own flat. (a flat just for him)
比 较
This bicycle is mine.
This bicycle is the boy's.
This is my bicycle.
This is the boy's bicycle.
This bicycle belongs to me.
This bicycle belongs to the boy.
PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners
导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
There and it + to be
There and it + to be
there + to be
人/事已存在,且第一次讨论
There were lots of people in the flat.
Is there a newsagent's near here?
There's a newsagent in this street. It's on the corner.
it + to be
之前已经讨论过的事
用于讨论时间、天气或距离
It's sunny here and it's nine o'clock in the evening.
It's ten kilometres from here to the city centre.
反身代词 Reflexive pronouns
反身代词
I
you (单)
he
she
it
we
you (复)
they
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
具体用法
当主语和宾语是同一个人/事时使用
Tim hurt himself when he fell off his bike.
enjoy (your)self : 过得愉快,请自便
Sally really enjoyed herself.
help (your)self:别客气,请自便
Help yourself to some food.
behave (your)self:劝人要有礼貌,行为得体
By (your)self = on your own
Sally wanted to be by herself. (on her own)
PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners
导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
个体限定词
each/ every
二者之后均使用单数动词
each:在特定群体中的事或人是不同的
We tried each colour on the wall.
every:在特定群体中所有的人或事相同
Every room in the hotel has a TV.
each之后可使用of+名词/代词
Each of them had a different job.
当讨论时间时
every强调规律性(regularly)
They go to a different place every week.
all 强调完整性(completely)
They spent all week in my room.
both/ either/ neither
讨论两个人/事时使用
可单独使用,也可与名词或代词一起使用
Both lights are nice.
Either colour is OK.
Either of the colours/ them is/ are OK.
Neither colour looks good.
Neither of the colours/ them looks/ look good.
all与both后可跟动词
They're all mad.
We've both finished.
指示限定词
this/ that
these/ those
可被用做形容词或代词
one/ ones
不想重复之前的名词时使用
This one. / The one of a sunset.
常与形容词一起使用
The red ones.