PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners

对剑桥PET精讲精练教材中中的限定词用法进行梳理，包括指示限定词、个体限定词、数量限定词、名词所有格、人称代词与物主代词、反身代词、There and it to be 的用法等，包括一张知识地图与4个知识卡片

PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners

• 指示限定词
  • this/ that
  • these/ those
  • 可被用做形容词或代词
  • one/ ones
    • 不想重复之前的名词时使用
      • This one. / The one of a sunset.
    • 常与形容词一起使用
      • The red ones.
• 个体限定词
  • each/ every
    • 二者之后均使用单数动词
    • each：在特定群体中的事或人是不同的
      • We tried each colour on the wall.
    • every：在特定群体中所有的人或事相同
      • Every room in the hotel has a TV.
    • each之后可使用of+名词/代词
      • Each of them had a different job.
    • 当讨论时间时
      • every强调规律性（regularly）
        • They go to a different place every week.
      • all 强调完整性（completely）
        • They spent all week in my room.
  • both/ either/ neither
    • 讨论两个人/事时使用
    • 可单独使用，也可与名词或代词一起使用
      • Both lights are nice.
      • Either colour is OK.
      • Either of the colours/ them is/ are OK.
      • Neither colour looks good.
      • Neither of the colours/ them looks/ look good.
    • all与both后可跟动词
      • They're all mad.
      • We've both finished.
• 数量限定词
  • some/ any
    • 均可用在可数名词与不可数名词之前
    • 在表示请求（requests）或提议（offers）的问句中使用some
      • Can you buy some crisps?
      • Shall I buy some food?
  • somebody/ anybody/ nobody/ everybody etc.
    • 可用于指代人、事、地点
      • something/ anything/ nothing
      • somewhere/ anywhere/ nowhere
    • “every+人/事/地点”有复数的含义，但使用单数动词
      • Where is everybody?
      • Everything is organised.
  • much/ many/ a lot of/a few/ a little
    • a lot of/ lots of 既可用于可数名词，也可用不可数名词
    • a few（=more than two but less than a lot)/ many 用于可数名词
    • a couple of(=two)/ several(=more than a few) 用于可数名词
    • a little/ much 用于不可数名词
  • all/ most/ some/ none/ no
    • 表达通常的人或事时，直接+名词使用
      • All teenagers watch TV
      • No bedroom has a fridge
    • 表达特定群体或特定事务时，需+(of)+the/ my/ this etc. +名词/代词使用
      • All (of) the teenagers went home early.
      • Most of my friends like it.
      • None of the paintings is modern.
      • Some of them were very old.
• 名词所有格
  • Possessive 's
    • 表示人或动物所有格时使用
      • The boy's bedroom was untidy.
      • The dog's teeth are very sharp.
    • 在表示时间的词语/短语后使用
      • I missed last night's programme.
    • 在第二个名词为家或商业场所时省略
      • I stayed at Sally's (=Sally's flat)
      • He works in the newsagent's. (= the newsagent's shop)
    • 注意：省略符号's在名词单数和复数中的位置不同
      • my cousin's friends
      • my cousins' friends
  • of
    • 表示事物的所有格时使用
      • What's the price of that holiday?
• There and it + to be
  • There and it + to be
    • there + to be
      • 人/事已存在，且第一次讨论
        • There were lots of people in the flat.
        • Is there a newsagent's near here?
    • it + to be
      • 之前已经讨论过的事
        • There's a newsagent in this street. It's on the corner.
      • 用于讨论时间、天气或距离
        • It's sunny here and it's nine o'clock in the evening.
        • It's ten kilometres from here to the city centre.
• 反身代词 Reflexive pronouns
  • 反身代词
    • I
      • you (单）
        • he
          • she
            • it
              • we
                • you
                  • they
    • myself
      • yourself
        • himself
          • herself
            • itself
              • ourselves
                • yourselves
                  • themselves
  • 具体用法
    • 当主语和宾语是同一个人/事时使用
      • Tim hurt himself when he fell off his bike.
    • enjoy (your)self : 过得愉快，请自便
      • Sally really enjoyed herself.
    • help (your)self：别客气，请自便
      • Help yourself to some food.
    • behave (your)self：劝人要有礼貌，行为得体
    • By (your)self = on your own
      • Sally wanted to be by herself. (on her own)
• 人称代词与物主代词
  • 类别与用法
    • 主语代词 Subject pronouns
      • I/you/he/she /it/we/they
        • 作为动词的主语使用
          • She give him her key.
    • 宾语代词 Object pronouns
      • me/you/him/her /it/us/them
        • 作为动词的宾语使用
          • He invited them to a party.
    • 物主代词 Possessive pronouns
      • mine/yours/his /her/ours/theirs
        • 不与名词一同使用
          • Give that key to her. It's not yours.
    • 所有格限定词 Possessive determiners
      • my/your/his/ her/its/our/their
        • 在名词前使用
          • I went with my friends.
          • He sees his girlfriend every night.
          • She shares a flat with her brother.
        • 在对肢体或衣服 进行限定时使用
          • Tony broke his leg.
          • They changed their shoes when they came in.
        • 强调某物属于 某人时可用own
          • He doesn't have his own flat. (a flat just for him)
  • 比较
    • This bicycle is mine.
      • This bicycle is the boy's.
    • This is my bicycle.
      • This is the boy's bicycle.
    • This bicycle belongs to me.
      • This bicycle belongs to the boy.
• 导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
• 制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
• 资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社

PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners

• 导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
• 制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
• 资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
• 名词所有格
  • Possessive 's
    • 表示人或动物所有格时使用
      • The boy's bedroom was untidy.
      • The dog's teeth are very sharp.
    • 在表示时间的词语/短语后使用
      • I missed last night's programme.
    • 在第二个名词为家或商业场所时省略
      • I stayed at Sally's (=Sally's flat)
      • He works in the newsagent's. (= the newsagent's shop)
    • 注意：省略符号's在名词单数和复数中的位置不同
      • my cousin's friends
      • my cousins' friends
  • of
    • 表示事物的所有格时使用
      • What's the price of that holiday?
• 数量限定词
  • some/ any
    • 均可用在可数名词与不可数名词之前
    • 在表示请求（requests）或提议（offers）的问句中使用some
      • Can you buy some crisps?
      • Shall I buy some food?
  • somebody/ anybody/ nobody/ everybody etc.
    • 可用于指代人、事、地点
      • something/ anything/ nothing
      • somewhere/ anywhere/ nowhere
    • “every+人/事/地点”有复数的含义，但使用单数动词
      • Where is everybody?
      • Everything is organised.
  • much/ many/ a lot of/a few/ a little
    • a lot of/ lots of 既可用于可数名词，也可用不可数名词
    • a few（=more than two but less than a lot)/ many 用于可数名词
    • a couple of(=two)/ several(=more than a few) 用于可数名词
    • a little/ much 用于不可数名词
  • all/ most/ some/ none/ no
    • 表达通常的人或事时，直接+名词使用
      • All teenagers watch TV
      • No bedroom has a fridge
    • 表达特定群体或特定事务时，需+(of)+the/ my/ this etc. +名词/代词使用
      • All (of) the teenagers went home early.
      • Most of my friends like it.
      • None of the paintings is modern.
      • Some of them were very old.

PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners

• 制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
  • 导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
• 资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
• 人称代词与物主代词
  • 类别与用法
    • 主语代词 Subject pronouns
      • I/you/he/she /it/we/they
        • 作为动词的主语使用
          • She give him her key.
    • 宾语代词 Object pronouns
      • me/you/him/her /it/us/them
        • 作为动词的宾语使用
          • He invited them to a party.
    • 物主代词 Possessive pronouns
      • mine/yours/his /her/ours/theirs
        • 不与名词一同使用
          • Give that key to her. It's not yours.
    • 所有格限定词 Possessive determiners
      • my/your/his/ her/its/our/their
        • 在名词前使用
          • I went with my friends.
          • He sees his girlfriend every night.
          • She shares a flat with her brother.
        • 在对肢体或衣服 进行限定时使用
          • Tony broke his leg.
          • They changed their shoes when they came in.
        • 强调某物属于某人时 可用own
          • He doesn't have his own flat. (a flat just for him)
  • 比 较
    • This bicycle is mine.
      • This bicycle is the boy's.
    • This is my bicycle.
      • This is the boy's bicycle.
    • This bicycle belongs to me.
      • This bicycle belongs to the boy.

PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners

• 导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
• 制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
• 资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
• There and it + to be
  • There and it + to be
    • there + to be
      • 人/事已存在，且第一次讨论
        • There were lots of people in the flat.
        • Is there a newsagent's near here?
        • There's a newsagent in this street. It's on the corner.
    • it + to be
      • 之前已经讨论过的事
      • 用于讨论时间、天气或距离
        • It's sunny here and it's nine o'clock in the evening.
        • It's ten kilometres from here to the city centre.
• 反身代词 Reflexive pronouns
  • 反身代词
    • I
      • you (单）
        • he
          • she
            • it
              • we
                • you (复）
                  • they
    • myself
      • yourself
        • himself
          • herself
            • itself
              • ourselves
                • yourselves
                  • themselves
  • 具体用法
    • 当主语和宾语是同一个人/事时使用
      • Tim hurt himself when he fell off his bike.
    • enjoy (your)self : 过得愉快，请自便
      • Sally really enjoyed herself.
    • help (your)self：别客气，请自便
      • Help yourself to some food.
    • behave (your)self：劝人要有礼貌，行为得体
    • By (your)self = on your own
      • Sally wanted to be by herself. (on her own)

PET英语词法之限定词 Determiners

• 导图绘制 | Snowsunshine
• 制图软件 | 亿图脑图 MindMaster
• 资料来源 | 剑桥PET语法精讲精练·浙江教育出版社
• 个体限定词
  • each/ every
    • 二者之后均使用单数动词
    • each：在特定群体中的事或人是不同的
      • We tried each colour on the wall.
    • every：在特定群体中所有的人或事相同
      • Every room in the hotel has a TV.
    • each之后可使用of+名词/代词
      • Each of them had a different job.
    • 当讨论时间时
      • every强调规律性（regularly）
        • They go to a different place every week.
      • all 强调完整性（completely）
        • They spent all week in my room.
  • both/ either/ neither
    • 讨论两个人/事时使用
    • 可单独使用，也可与名词或代词一起使用
      • Both lights are nice.
      • Either colour is OK.
      • Either of the colours/ them is/ are OK.
      • Neither colour looks good.
      • Neither of the colours/ them looks/ look good.
    • all与both后可跟动词
      • They're all mad.
      • We've both finished.
• 指示限定词
  • this/ that
  • these/ those
  • 可被用做形容词或代词
  • one/ ones
    • 不想重复之前的名词时使用
      • This one. / The one of a sunset.
    • 常与形容词一起使用
      • The red ones.