导图社区 英语时态现在
这是一篇关于英语时态现在的思维导图,英语时态:一般现在时的基本用法 1.表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 常和always (总是),usually (通常),often (经常),sometimes (有时),every day (每天),every week (每周),seldom (难得)等时间状语连用
编辑于2021-08-12 12:44:54动词时态
现在
一般现在时
构成
(1)一般现在是主要由动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加s 或 es,其变化规则如下
(1)一般情况 +s (2)以s,sh,ch,x,o,z结尾的动词 +es (3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词 变y为i+es
(2)be的变化
(3)have的变化
用法
(1)表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I often go to school on foot
They play football after school every afternoon
(2)表示现在的特征,状态,能力和性格等
the job calls for great patience
she is always ready to help us
(3)表示客观事实,普遍真理或名言警句等。此用法即使出现在过去语境中,也要用一般现在时。
light travels faster than found
action speak louder than words
(4)一般现在时表示将来。以下两种情况中,要用一般现在时表将来
按时间表你定的或安排好的事情,或要发生的动作
the train arrives at ten o'clock there's plenty of time(按时刻表拟定的事情)
the final example takes place next week(安排好的事情)
在时间状语从句条件状语从句或让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来
if you arrive, please give me a phone call(条件状语从句)
i will discuss this with you when we meet next time(时间状语从句)
even if it rains tomorrow, the sport meeting will take place(让步状语从句)
(5)用于图片说明,电影说明,戏剧内容及场景解说等
jack passes the ball to join and John catches it he jumps and casts it into the basket
(6)表示,现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态,常用以here There等开头的倒装句中
Here comes the bus
there goes the bell
here we are
现在进形时
构成
be(am/is/are)+现在分词(doing)。现在分词的构成形式
基本含义
(表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与now, right, at this moment, at present等连用)
(表示目前一段时间内做某一件事,但说话时未必在做,常与these days, this week连用)
what are they quarreling about
IT's snowing hard outside,
sorry you can't take the typewriter away i am using it
i am teaching part-time in a middle school
其他用法小结
(1)瞬间动词的进行时可以表示计划安排将要做的事
i have won the holiday for two days to florida i am taking my mom,
The train is arriving soon
(2)现在进行时与always, constantly ,continually ,forever或for, ever等副词连用时,往往表达说话者生气,赞扬,同情,不满,好奇等情感.或对某一心理的生动描述
She is constantly disturbing me(厌烦)
maria is always think of others instead of herself(赞美)
(3)get become turn等词的现在进行时可以表示逐渐,越来越的意思
The leaves are turning yellow,
Father is getting fat
(4)系动词be和表示性质,品质等的形容词连用时,其进行时态表示一时的表现与平时不一样,常见的形容词有foolish, nice, kind, careful, patient lazy lovely等
you are being annoying(平时不这样)
why are you being so foolish(平时不这样)
现在完成时
构成
have/has+过去分词(done),第三人称单数用has,其余所有人称用have
基本含义
(动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响)
时间状语 already yet just ever before等
(动作从过去延续到现在,并有可能延续下去)
时间状语 lately recently in/over/during the last/past few days/years, since then, up to now, so far等
he has turned off the light(=he light is of now)
the concert has started (=the concert is on now)
I have already seen the film(= I know the film now)
i have lost my watch(= i lost my watch and i have no watch now)
知识拓展
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用,现在完成时代替将来完成时,
you shouldn't get off the bus until it has stopped(时间状语从句)
you shouldn't leave school before you have finished your assignments(时间状语从句)
在This/ IT is the first/ second... time+ that句型中,从句用现在完成时
This/ IT is the first time that i have come here,
在IT is/ has been+时间段+since句型中,从句用一般过去时(注意从句动词翻译)
IT has been is three years since he began to smoke,
IT has been is three years since he smoked,
IT has been is three years since he live here,
IT has been is three years since he lived here,
has been to 表到过某地(已来过),have gone to表去了某地,(现在不在这里)
he has been to shanghai(已经回来了)
he has gone to shanghai(现在不在这)
现在完成进行时
构成
单数第三人称:has+been+现在分词
其他人称:have+been+现在分词
用法
现在完成进行时是现在完成时态与进行时态的结合,既有现在完成时态的特点,也有进行时态的特点,基本含义如下
动作延续:从过去某时开始延续到现在,可能刚刚停止,也可能仍在继续对现在有影响
He has been learning english for six years,
带有感情色彩:从过去某时到说话时为止,一直不停重复的动作,常带有厌烦赞美等感情
Jim has been from Jenny every night for several weeks
eg
一
i have cleaned all the windows
i have been cleaning all the windows
二
I have repaired the washing machine
I have been repairing the washing machine
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时
强调已完成的动作
现在完成进行时
强调动作的延续,进行,并可能持续下去