导图社区 英语语法--强调句,主谓一致
这是一篇关于剩余语法的思维导图,主要内容包括:倒装句,完全倒装,主谓一致,省略,强调,部分倒装。无论是初学者还是进阶学习者,都能从中受益,提升自己的英语语法水平。
编辑于2025-01-01 16:03:27这是一篇关于考研单词词根词缀—前缀篇的思维导图,主要内容包括:③ 表示"副手",② 表示"不足,不够",① 表示"在…下",80.under-,② 表示"打开,解开,弄出",① 表示"不,无,非,没有",79.un-,② 表示"超出,超过",① 表示"极端",78.ultra-,② 表示"变换,改变,转移",① 表示"横过,越过",77.trans-,76.s
这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图,主要内容包括:虚拟语气的其他句型,从句中的虚拟语气,if条件从句引导的虚拟语气,四种语气。
这是一篇关于剩余语法的思维导图,主要内容包括:倒装句,完全倒装,主谓一致,省略,强调,部分倒装。无论是初学者还是进阶学习者,都能从中受益,提升自己的英语语法水平。
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这是一篇关于考研单词词根词缀—前缀篇的思维导图,主要内容包括:③ 表示"副手",② 表示"不足,不够",① 表示"在…下",80.under-,② 表示"打开,解开,弄出",① 表示"不,无,非,没有",79.un-,② 表示"超出,超过",① 表示"极端",78.ultra-,② 表示"变换,改变,转移",① 表示"横过,越过",77.trans-,76.s
这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图,主要内容包括:虚拟语气的其他句型,从句中的虚拟语气,if条件从句引导的虚拟语气,四种语气。
这是一篇关于剩余语法的思维导图,主要内容包括:倒装句,完全倒装,主谓一致,省略,强调,部分倒装。无论是初学者还是进阶学习者,都能从中受益,提升自己的英语语法水平。
剩余语法
倒装句
定义
句子语序:“主语+谓语”
倒装语序:“谓语+主语”
完全倒装:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
部分倒装:只将助动词移至主语之前。(部分谓语)
由于语法和修辞的原因:将助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语前面,如果这些动词都没有就补一个助动词
部分倒装
疑问句中的部分倒装句
Where have you been these days?
Have you heard from Jane lately?
Do you like reading Pride and Prejudice?
What color is the new carpet?
only修饰状语时候的部分倒装
only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时,句子的主语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。
Only in your own heart can you find the true peace.
表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时的部分倒装
not, little, hardly, never, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when..., not only...but also..., at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case, in no event, nowhere, seldom等。
Never once have the old couple quarreled with each other since they were married 40 years ago.助动词have提到主语前
Seldom do I go out alone in the evening. 代词go是实义动词,补助动词do。如果是went就提炼did。如果是三单就是does
Little did she care about her own safety,though she herself was in great danger.
so...that...的so出现于句首时的部分倒装
在 so...that...句式中,如果 so 引导的部分前置,主句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。
so……that……的本质就是结果状语从句,that后面就是从句,so……是主句
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
he drove so carelessly that……
So fast do you speak that I can hardly follow you.
So badly was he injured in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.
he was injured 当一个人受伤是主系表结构。
当 so/neither/nor 位于句首时,可将其后与上面重复的谓语的一部分置于主语之前,构成部分倒装。
She has been to Norway and so have I. 她去过挪威我也去过挪威=I have been to Norway.除了谓语have/has不一样,主语不一样,不同主语要进行部分倒装。
I promised to buy my son a nice gift, and so I did. 肯定上一件事情不倒装,同一件事情是同一个主语做的,所以不倒装。
It is going to be fine tomorrow. so it is. 说的是一件事情,在肯定上面那件事情,it指明天就好了,不倒装。
Beckworth can’t answer the question.
—Neither/Nor can Peter. 主语不一样,要倒装
其他倒装
虚拟语气:Had you come here, you would have met the film star.
在虚拟条件句中如果有were, had, should, 可以将if去掉, 然后把were, had, should 提到主语前面。
状语从句:Child though/as he was, he was able to stand on his own feet.
v. /a. /(无冠词) n./ adv. +(as/though)+主语+剩下谓语(助动词/情态动词/be动词)
让步状语从句的倒装情况,as必须倒装,把强调的动词,形容词,副词,副词,无冠词的名词放在句首
as/though 倒装句
完全倒装
表示地点、时间的副词放在句首时
in, out, down, up, off, back, away, over there , there, now, then, here, first等放于句首, 若主语是名词而不是代词时,则全部倒装。
Now comes your turn.
your turn comes now
There stands an old pine tree on the top of the hill.
sth is there
there is sth
In came a girl, wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails.
表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时
In my heart was desire to live more dangerously.
介词短语不能做主语,这个是倒装句
Desire to live more dangerously was In my heart
On the desk lie several books.
分词短语置于句首时
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about twelve.是主语
A boy aged about twelve was Lying on the floor
Seated in the front were the guests.全部倒装
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
表语+系动词+主语”结构中的全部倒装
Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way.
Present at the meeting were experts on Psychology.形容词不能做主语,其实是倒装句
强调
强调句:It is...that...强调句型。在强调句中,that是万能的
强调动词: do/does/did+动词原形
It is/was...that/who强调句型:一般不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补足语。
All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals.
It is since she left China 是对时间状语从句进行了强调that Jane has been living in London.
强调句中时态的运用
强调句中的时态要依原句的时态而定,有时还可用It might be/must have been/can’t be...that等句式。
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
It was because I was stuck in the traffic jam 原因状语从句that I came late.
It may be Betty who will come to help us tomorrow.
It must have been Philip who has taken away the book.
对not...until...句式的强调,直到……才
对not...until...句式进行强调时应将not置于被强调部分里面。点动作用not,延续性动作不用
It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.
强调句的疑问形式
“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+从句?”
When was it that you lost your keys?
Was it Sally that phoned just now?
Where was it that Shakespeare was born?
特殊疑问句的强调句:
“特殊疑问词(疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it that+ 陈述句语序”。
特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。
强调句型与从句的区别
把It is/ was...that去掉,稍加调整语序(如果强调的是表语要调整语序),能还原成完整句子,并且句子意思依然完整,则为强调句型。
It was at ten o’clock that I got home last night.
at ten o’clock I got home last night.
do/does/did+动词原形:只能对肯定句的一般现在时和一般过去时进行强调。
He did phone you yesterday.
smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why.
省略
省略的原则是不损害结构或引起歧义。句子中的某个词、短语、主语甚至整个从句都可省略。
主语的省略
在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下 ,主语常常可以 省略。
(You) Want a hand?
(I) Beg your pardon.
(It) Looks like rain.
On the desk (there) are many books.
谓语的省略
有些结构中可以为了避免与前面的动词谓语重复 ,常省略 后面的谓语或谓语的一部分
John is a lawyer, his wife(is) an editor.
That young man did all he could (do)to help us
Reading makes a full man, conference (makes)a ready man and writing (makes)an exact man.
表语的省略
My parents are interested in Peking Opera, but I am not(interested in peking opera)
An hour in the morning is worth two (hours)in the evening.
定语的省略
I like fresh milk and (fresh) butter.
Do you like Chinese paintings and (Chinese) characters?
主谓结构的省略
(It’s) A lovely day, isn’t it?
(Have you) Got a light?
(I’m) Sorry to interrupt you.
(Is there) Anybody in?
从句的省略
—Where is my book? —How should I know (where your book is)!
He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.
possible/necessary结构
possible/necessary 与 if, when, wherever,where, whenever,连用,总是习惯于省略。
You are the very person who gives me a hand when (it is) necessary.
Arrest them, if (it is) necessary.
主谓一致
即主语和谓语在“人称和“数”方面的一致关系。
语法一致
从句,不定式,动名词作主语视为单数
To see is to believe.
Watching basketball games has become my hobby.
Whether she will go abroad or not is not decided.
由and或 both,and连接的并列主语,谓语动词用复数
Jack and Henry are best friends
Both Mary and Linda were satisfied with the new tutor。
被 as well as(和/也),with, along with, together with等短语修饰的主语
as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作并列主语。
The film stars, accompanied by their assistants,were seen to enter the hotel.
Mr. White, as well as his wife and children, has gone to London last Friday.
主语含义上虽为复数形式上为单数,谓语仍用单数形式
有些主语被 many a, more than one,each, every或no修饰,虽为复数意义,谓语动词也用单数形式。
Many a student is going to take part in the English contest.
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in that country.
某些不定代词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
此类不定代词有: either, neither,each,one, the other, another, somebody, someone , something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing,nobody等。
Everything around us is matter.
Someone has let the news out.
意义一致
Seven days is enough for completing this task .
七天是一个概念
1000 dollars was a lot of money for me at that time.
My family is a big one.
My family are fond of going out for a walk after supper.
Over 80 percent of the water goes into the air. 看of后面的,水是物质,三单
One third of the employees in that company are no more than thirty years old.员工是复数,用are
a quantity of+ 不 可 数 名 词 , 谓 语 动 词 用 单 数 形 式 ; quantities of+可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。
A small quantity of vinegar is needed for cooking the dish.
Large quantities of milk are in need in that country.
The+形容词”表示一类人或物时,谓语动词用复数
• The rich are supposed to help the poor.
临近原则
谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致。 包括not only…but(also)..., either…or…, neither... nor..., not…but…there be等
Neither her younger brothers nor she is willing to return.
Not only Tom but also his parents have been tired of telling the story.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ______going to agree upon anything today.
neither you nor I am。就近一致