cardiovascular diseases

心血管疾病英语思维导图，概述了心血管疾病的相关信息，涵盖分类、原因、表现和预防四个主要方面。帮助理解和记忆。

Cardiovascular diseases

• 分类
  • Cardiovascular discases include coronary heart discase (heart attacks),cerebrovascular discase, raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heart failure.
• 原因
  • 外因： The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet.
  • 内因：Heart attacks and strokes are mainly caused by a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. The most common cause is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels that supply the heart or brain. The blood vessels become narrower and less flexible, also known as atherosclerosis (or hardening of the arteries). The blood vessels are then more likely to become blocked by blood clots. When this happens, the blocked vessels cannot supply blood to the heart and brain, which then become damaged.
• 表现
  • 心脏病
    • A heart attack or stroke may be the first warning of underlying disease. Symptoms of a heart attack include: pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest; pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back. In addition the person may experience difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath; feeling sick or vomiting; feeling light-headed or faint; breaking into a cold sweat; and becoming pale. Women are more likely to have shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.
  • 中风
    • The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body. Other symptoms include sudden onset of: numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech; difficulty seeing with one or both eyes; difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and fainting or unconsciousness. People experiencing these symptoms should seek medical care immediately.
• 病因
  • Smoking and other tobacco use
  • Unhealthy diet
  • Physical inactivity
• 预防
  • Heart attacks and strokes are major - but preventable- killers worldwide.
  • Over 80% of cardiovascular diseasedeaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women. Cardiovascular risk of women is high particularly after menopause.
  • Tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
  • Cessation of tobacco use reduces the chance of a heart attack or stroke.
  • Engaging in physical activity for at least 30 minutes every day of the week will help to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
  • Eating at least five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, and limiting your salt intake to less than one teaspoon a day, also helps to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
  • High blood pressure has no symptoms, but can cause a sudden stroke or heart attack. Have your blood pressure checked regularly.
  • Diabetes increases the risk of heart attacks and stroke. If you have diabetes control your blood pressure and blood sugar to minimize your risk.
  • Being overweight increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. To maintain an ideal body weight, take regular physical activity and eat a healthy diet.
  • Heart attacks and strokes can strike suddenly and can be fatal if assistance is not sought immediately.

Cardiovascular diseases

• 分类
  • Cardiovascular discases include coronary heart discase (heart attacks),cerebrovascular discase, raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heart failure.
• 原因
  • 外因： The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet.
  • 内因：Heart attacks and strokes are mainly caused by a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. The most common cause is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels that supply the heart or brain. The blood vessels become narrower and less flexible, also known as atherosclerosis (or hardening of the arteries). The blood vessels are then more likely to become blocked by blood clots. When this happens, the blocked vessels cannot supply blood to the heart and brain, which then become damaged.
• 表现
  • 心脏病
    • A heart attack or stroke may be the first warning of underlying disease. Symptoms of a heart attack include: pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest; pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back. In addition the person may experience difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath; feeling sick or vomiting; feeling light-headed or faint; breaking into a cold sweat; and becoming pale. Women are more likely to have shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.
  • 中风
    • The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body. Other symptoms include sudden onset of: numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech; difficulty seeing with one or both eyes; difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and fainting or unconsciousness. People experiencing these symptoms should seek medical care immediately.
• 病因
  • Smoking and other tobacco use
  • Unhealthy diet
  • Physical inactivity
• 预防
  • Heart attacks and strokes are major - but preventable- killers worldwide.
  • Over 80% of cardiovascular diseasedeaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women. Cardiovascular risk of women is high particularly after menopause.
  • Tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
  • Cessation of tobacco use reduces the chance of a heart attack or stroke.
  • Engaging in physical activity for at least 30 minutes every day of the week will help to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
  • Eating at least five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, and limiting your salt intake to less than one teaspoon a day, also helps to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
  • High blood pressure has no symptoms, but can cause a sudden stroke or heart attack. Have your blood pressure checked regularly.
  • Diabetes increases the risk of heart attacks and stroke. If you have diabetes control your blood pressure and blood sugar to minimize your risk.
  • Being overweight increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. To maintain an ideal body weight, take regular physical activity and eat a healthy diet.
  • Heart attacks and strokes can strike suddenly and can be fatal if assistance is not sought immediately.