人教版八年级下册第二单元英语语法

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形(do)”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

U2语法

• 动词不定式（to do）
  • 定义
    • 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形(do)”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等.
  • 1.作宾语
    • 可以使用的动词
      • begin want remember agree learn like decide+to do
    • 例句
      • I want to tell you a story.
      • They begin to work at eight every morning.
      • Don’t forget to lock the door.
      • Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?
  • 子主题
    • 子主题
  • 2.作宾语补足语
    • 可以使用的动词
      • tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, +to do
    • 例句
      • The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.
      • The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.
    • 特殊情况
      • 省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语
        • Let / make / have + sb. +do sth.（使役动词）
          • Please let me help you
          • The boy made the baby cry.
        • see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do sth.（感官动词）
          • I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.
          • I often hear the girl sing in the next room.
      • 可省可不省的
        • help（to）do sth
          • I often help my mother （to）do housework.
  • 3.做状语
    • 1.作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to do，so as to不用于句首。
      • He stopped to have a rest.
      • The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
    • 2.作结果状语
      • He woke up only to find everybody gone.
      • His grandma lived to see the liberation of China.
      • He is old enough to go to school.
    • 3.在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语
      • I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions.
      • I’m happy to have found many things I can do.
  • 否定形式
    • not (to) do
• 短语
  • 定义
    • 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义称为动词短语。
  • 1.动词+介词
    • 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是 名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
    • look at 看 look like 看上去像 look after 照料 listen to 听 welcome to 欢迎到…… say hello to 向……问好 speak to 对……说
  • 2.动词+副词
    • A．动词（vt.）+副词
      • 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。
      • put on 穿上 take off 脱下 write down 记下
    • B．动词（vi）+副词
      • 此类短语属于不及物动词, 不可以带宾语。
      • come on 赶快 get up 起床 go home 回家 sit down 坐下 stand up 起立
  • 3.其它类动词词组
    • close the door look the same go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look young go shopping watch TV/games play games
  • 4.put引导的短语
    • put away 把……放好 put on 穿上，把……放在……上 put up 举起，表现出，张贴 put off 推迟，拖延 put into 把……放入，把……翻译成…… put down 记下，放下 put out 放出，伸出
  • 5.give引导的短语
    • give up 放弃 give in 屈服，让步 give out 分发，散发；用尽，耗尽 give away 捐赠，赠送；分发 give back 归还，恢复 give off 发出，放出
  • 6.call引导的短语
    • call on 访问（某人）；号召；要求 call up 打电话给……；使人想起…… call in 找来，请来 call at 访问(某处)；(车，船等)停靠(某处) call for 需要，要求
  • 7.take引导的短语
    • take back 拿回；使疑惑 take after 像…… take away 拿走，减去 take down 写下，记下；拆卸 take up 占据空间 take over 接过……；接管 take off 脱下；飞机起飞
  • 8.look引导的短语
    • look after 照顾，照料 look for 寻找，找…… look at 看…… look into 调查；向……里看 look through 浏览，快速地看 look out 小心 look out of 向……外看 look up 查找，查询；向……上看 look like 看起来像……
  • 9.turn引导的短语
    • turn up 把(音量)开大；出现，到达 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉(煤气、水、电等) turn down 把(音量)关小；拒绝 turn to 向……求助；转向…… turn over 翻转，翻身 turn in 归还，就寝 turn out 结果是……，证明是……；生产