英语有26个字母。元音只包括a、e、i、o、u这五个字母，其余的都为辅音。y是半元音、半辅音字母，但在英语中都把他当作辅音。 其相关规则如下：（辅字组 读音 例词）b [b] bag bike bus bluec [k] cake card coollc [s] face decide cinemad [d] desk dad dayf [f] fine five face offg [g] good bag agog [dʒ] gym giraffe gentleg [ʒ] massage rouge prestigeh [h] hello hat hot hand heatj [dʒ] jacket job June July Japank [k] key like bike nookl [l] hello like lakel [ɫ] milk bell cyclem [m] morning name men [n] no nice in neckn [ŋ] pink bank sunkp [p] map pen apple picturer [r] Frank red rectangulars [s] spell thanks six summers [ʃ] sugar Asia pressures [ʒ] pleasure leisure visiont [t] it what white ten twelve twentyv [v] evening vest very vongolaw [w] what we wellx [ks] box sixx [gz] exam exhausty [j] you yellow yesz [z] zoo zeroz [ʒ] crozier seizureck [k] black chickch [tʃ] China choseph [f] phone photosh [ʃ] shoes shape sheth [θ] thank threeth [ð] these themwh [hw] what white whenwh [h] who whosetr [tr] tree train truckdr [dr] dress dragon drovets [ts] what’s it’s catsds [dz] beds hands cardsqu [kw] quitequantity queue英语辅音又可以根据不同的发音方法分类，即气流冲破阻碍时所使用的不同方法，比如有的音气流冲破阻碍时听起来急促爆破，有的音则听起来摩擦感强。爆破音：[p]，[b]，[t]，[d]，[k]，[g]摩擦音：[f]，[v]，[θ]，[ð]，[s]，[z]，[ʃ]，[ʒ]，[r]，[h]，[hw]（=[ʍ]）破擦音：[tʃ]，[dʒ]，[ts]，[dz]，[tr]，[dr]鼻音： [m]，[n]，[ŋ]舌侧音：[l]，[ɫ]半元音：[w]，[j]
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后
[s]
maps/desks/cats/beliefs
在[s][z][ʃ][tʃ] [ʒ][dʒ]后
[iz]
faces/matches/bridges/roses
其他情况下
[z]
days/boys/fields/knives
合成名词复数
主体名词变为复数
lookers-on/passers-by/grand-children
最后的部分变复数
go-betweens/good-for-nothings
以man或woman开头的合成词，里面所含的成分全都要变为复数
men doctors/women doctors
集体名词的复数
集体名词被看作一个整体时，相当于一个普通单数可数名词，做主语，谓语动词用单数。
His family is going to move to New York.
被看作若干个个体，则具有复数概念，谓语动词用复数。
His family are waiting for him.
不可数名词
物质名称和抽象名词是不可数的，没有复数形式，一般不用a/an .
不可数名词的复数表示某种特别的意义
用以表示不同的类别
There are many famous teas in china.Longjing is one of them.
