虚拟语气

英语语法之虚拟语气思维导图，包括非真实条件句、名词性从句、2个似乎 as if/ as though和4个愿望等内容。

虚拟语气

• 非真实条件句
  • 时间
    • 从句基本要比主语提前一个时态
    • 与过去事实相反
      • if从句谓语动词用had done 形式
      • 主语谓语动词should/would/could/might+have done
      • 例子：If you had been here last night, nothing would have happened.
      • 例子：If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus.
    • 与现在事实相反
      • if从句谓语动词用过去式（be 用 were）
      • 主语谓语动词should/would/could/might+V原
      • 例子：If I were you, I should/ would go at once.
      • 例子：If there were no air, people would die.
    • 与未来事实相反
      • if从句谓语动词
        • did
        • should+V原
        • were to do
      • 主语谓语动词should/would/could/might+V原
      • 例子：If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn't have an exam.
      • 例子：If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see me.
      • 例子：If you should meet him, you would say "hello" to him.
  • 特例
    • 错综
      • 主从句时间不一致，主从句谓语动词形式取决于各自要表达的具体时间
      • 例子：If I had met her five years ago, she would be my wife today.
    • 倒装
      • 将if省略，把were，had，should放在句首
      • 例子：If I should meet her, I would tell her.
        • Should I meet her, I would tell her.
      • 例子：If I were in your position, I would do it better.
        • Were I in your position, I would do it better.
    • 含蓄
      • 假设的条件以其他方式（如介词短语，从句）表达出来
      • 例子：I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have hung her up.
      • 例子：But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school.
• 名词性从句
  • 4种从句
    • 主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句
    • 4个it
      • It is important (strange, natural)+that+(should) do sth.
      • It is/was+10个动词（-ed) that+ (should) do sth.
      • It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that +（should) do sth.
      • It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.(should 不可省）
  • 一些动词
    • 一个坚持
      • insist
    • 两个命令
      • order, command
    • 四个要求
      • demand, require, request, desire
    • 四个建议
      • suggest, advise, propose, recommand
• 其他虚拟
  • 2个似乎 as if/ as though
    • 用法与if从句一致
  • 4个愿望
    • wish后面的宾语从句(通常表示不可能或者没有实现的愿望）
      • 与现在事实相反，从句动词一般过去时
        • I wish I were you
      • 与过去事实相反，从句动词过去完成时
        • I wish I had learned more.
      • 与将来事实相反，从句动词用“would/should/could/might+V原"
        • He wishes he would have another chance.
    • 在if only引导的感叹句中， 表示“但愿，要是没有……就好了”，其中的谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同
    • would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后 表示“宁愿，但愿”
    • had hoped, 表示过去没有实现的愿望，意为“本来想要，但愿”