导图社区 主谓一致(英语语法)
这是一篇关于主谓一致(英语语法)的思维导图,主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
编辑于2022-02-17 14:47:15主谓一致
就近原则
(either)+ 名/代词 + or + 名/代词
neither+名/代词 + nor + 名/代词
考:not only + 名/代词 +but(also)+名/代词
考:there be 就近主语的单复数
并列主语
考:”and“,”both... and ..." 用复数形式 但,如果表示 同一人、物、概念或一个不可分割的整体时,用单数形式 eg, Mary and Jane compete with each other for the first prize. 玛丽和简为了一等奖而互相竞争 War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争和和平是历史的永恒主题。 A teacher and writer si going to give us a take.一位老师兼作家要给我们做演讲。
bread and butter (抹上黄油的面包)
ice cream and cake (冰激凌蛋糕)
a knife and fork (一副刀叉)
a watch and chain (一只带链的表)
a cup and saucer (一套杯碟)
a table and chair (一套桌椅)
suop and water (汤水)
考:更强调前面的主语的连词,跟着强调的主语的单复数形式。 eg, the teacher as well as the students is ready to help others. 不仅学生们乐于助人,老师也乐于助人。
as well/much as
along/together with
with
including
followed by
in addition to
like/unlike
except
but
besides
no less than
rather than
考:and 连接的单数名词主语 由 each,every,no 等修饰时,用单数形式。 eg,Each book and (each) magazine has to be returned on time. 每一本书和杂志都必须按时归还。 Every adult and (every) child was holding a flay. 每个成人和儿童都拿着一面旗帜。 Every boy and girl likes the book and they each want to buy one. 每个男孩和女孩都喜欢这本书,他们都想买一本。
概念/意义一致原则
名词单表复数:
群体名词 eg: The police are looking into the accident. The team is famous for its long history.
police
cattle 牛
people
youth
army
class
committee 委员会
company
couple
crowd
group
goverment
party
propulation
team
pubic
family
audience 观众、听众、拥护者
staff
单复一致的名词
aircraft
deer
fish
means
sheep
species 物种,种类
series
headquaters 总部
works
名词复表单数:
根据句意 e.g. No news is good news.
“the + 形容词/分词”表一类人/事物,谓语常用复数形式 eg: the old are well looked after by the govermment.
考:表“时间、距离、金额、重量”表整体概念时 e.g.Ten years is just a moment in history.
-ics 结尾表学科的复数名词,一般用单数 eg: Statistics is principlay cours at the business school. 统计学是商学院一门主要的学科。
physics 物理学
economics 经济学
electronics 电子学
mathematics 数学
ethics 伦理学
politics 政治学
statistics 统计学
"a/this/that pair/suit + of +复数名词 eg, This pair of shoes is too big for me.
语法一致原则(名词或名词词组的的中心词)
代词做主语(找真正的主语) eg: that sounds a great idea。 Her spectacles were lost somewhere.她的眼镜丢在某个地方了。
不可数 的集体名词 eg,The furniture is made of wood.
furniture
equipment 设备
merchandise 货品 商品
baggage
machinery 机器,机制,装备
“many a + 单数名词”用单数形式 eg, Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.
"more than one + 单数名词”用单数形式 "more +复数名词 + than one“用复数形式 eg, More than one person is involoved in this case. 不止一个人与这个案件有关。 eg,More visitors than one have complained about the weather here. 不止一名游客抱怨这里的天气。
”a + 单数名词 + or two" 用单数形式 ”one or two +复数名词“用复数形式 eg, A day or two has passed. 一两天过去了。 One or two days have passed. 一两天过去了。
其他
考:不定时、动名词(短语)“Wh- + to do" 和”名词性从句做主语“时,用单数形式。 但,从句为主语,主系表结构时,由表语的名词或代词决定。 eg, To see is to belive./ seeing is believing.眼见为实 What they need is not money,and what they need are good teachers. 他们需要的不是钱,他们需要的是好老师。
考:”分数/百分数 + of +名词“ eg, 70% of the funds were supplied by the goverment. 70%的资金是由政府提供的。 Half of the food has been sent to that area. 一半的十五已经被送往那个地区。
" a number of +名词” 复数形式 “the number of + 名词” 单数形式 eg, A number of children were playing in the park. 许多孩子在公园里玩耍。 The number of students in this school is rather small. 这个学校学生的人数量很少。
考:“a qunantity of; a lot of; lots of ; plenty of + 不可数名词或可数复数名词” 与名词一致。 “ quantities of + 名词”用复数形式 eg, A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday. A large quantity of drugs were found in his luggage. Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.
" a great/good deal of ; a large amount of ; a bit of + 不可数名词“ 用单数形式。
考: ”one of + 复数名词+定语从句“用复数形式 当 one of 前 有”the only, the mere(仅仅) 等修饰时,用单数形式。 eg, Jeff is one of the jouralists who were awarded at that time. 杰夫是当时受嘉奖的新闻记者之一。 Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded at that time. 杰夫是当时唯一受嘉奖的新闻记者。