equality on the battlefield, segregation in military facilities
Mary L. Dudziak: communist critics on American hypocrisy of its segregation
Levin Papsotiriou: South no longer isolated from public
National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP)
oldest & largest civil rights organisation in USA
'to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination'
Thurgood Marshall: lawyer, 8-1 victory fighting in Smith v. Allwright
Fair employment Practices Commission (FEPC)
blacks employed in wartime munitions industries & gained new skills for postwar
1946: Harry S. Truman establish Congressional Committee on Civil Rights
1950s: Civil Rights = Communism (McCarthyism)
Eisenhower: racial issue exaggerated
May 1954: Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
D.D.E appointed Earl Warren the chief justice
'school no longer segregated'
starting point for civil rights acceleration
1956: Southern Manifesto
agreement signed by most southern politicians
declaration of constitutional principles designed to impose the implementation of two Brown verdicts
augment southern opposition to further integration
Traynor: Eisenhower's record on civil rights was probably the weakest element of his entire administration
