胡壮麟语言学Chapter 4 Syntax

胡壮麟语言学Chapter 4 Syntax，导图介绍了syntactic relations、grammatical constructions、syntactic functions、category、types。

Chapter 4 Syntax

• syntactic relations
  • positional relation, eg.SOV
  • relation of substitutability
  • relation of co-occurence：permit or require the occurrence of a word
• grammatical constructions
  • external syntax
    • endocentric construction，eg. NP VP AP
      • coordination
      • subordination
    • exocentric construction，eg. 主谓，介词短语，动宾，系表
  • internal syntax：主谓宾 …
• syntactic functions
  • subject
    • grammatical subject
    • logical subject
  • predicate
    • V.—predicator 谓词
  • object
    • direct object
    • indirect object
• category
  • number
    • nouns
    • inflections of pronouns and verbs
  • gender
    • natural
    • grammatical
  • case
    • 所有格 teacher’s
    • 宾格 to a man
    • 表主格和宾格 John kicked Peter
  • agreement
    • pronoun—antecedent
    • noun—verb
• types
  • phrase：lack subject predicate structure
  • clause：with subject & predicate，included in a larger sentence
    • finite
    • non- finite
      • infinitive P不定式
      • participial P分词
      • gerundial P动名词
  • sentence
    • simple
    • non-simple
      • complex
      • compound
• relations between sentences
  • syntax
    • sentential connection
      • hypotactic
      • paratactic
  • text
    • cohesion：employ cohesion markers
    • coherence：mental representation/cognitive nature