动词不定式

这是一篇关于动词不定式的思维导图，其介绍了动词不定式的形式及其用法，准确而详实的展现在我们面前，也希望您能通过此导图有所收获

动词不定式

• 形式
  • 否定形式都是 在前面加not
  • 一般式（与谓语动词几乎同时发生或发生在之后）
    • 主动
      • to do
    • 被动
      • to be done
  • 进行式（与谓语动词同时发生）
    • 主动
      • to be doing
    • 被动
      • 无
  • 完成式（发生在谓语动词前）
    • 主动
      • to have done
    • 被动
      • to have been done
        • e.g.You are lucky to have been accepted.
• 用法
  • • 作主语
      • 一般用法
        • e.g.To cook Chinese food is not easy.
      • 常用句型
        • It is +adj.(形容to do sth.这件事easy/important/…)+for sb.+to do sth.
        • It is +n.(a pity/one′s duty/…)+to do sth.
        • It is+adj.(形容人的品质特征kind/wise/lazy/…)
        • it takes/needs/requires+sb.+some time+to do
    • 作宾语
      • agree/afford/choose/demand/determine/desire/expect/fail/promise/pretend/refuse/wish…(not)to do sth.
      • （“四记”“力争”“不后悔”）
        • remember to do sth.记得要做某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean to do sth.计划做某事 go on to do sth.做了一件事后，接着做另一件事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret to do sth.抱歉要做某事 can't help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
        • remember doing sth.记得曾经做过的事 forget doing sth.忘记做了某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 go on doing sth.继续做原来的事 try doing sth.试着做某事stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事
      • it为形式宾语
        • find it +adj.+to do.
    • 表语
      • 表示将来的情况 常用在be/seem/appear后面
        • 其主语常是表目的/愿望/意向的词 （aim/purpose/wish/dream/ambition/intention/plan/idea/decision/choice）
    • 定语
      • 后置定语.表将来e.g.The matter to be discussed tomorrow is very important.
      • 序数词，形容词最高级，限定词修饰的n.后用to do作定语
      • 抽象n.后用to do具体化 ability/chance/way/something/potential/effort/reason/place
      • 动词后+to do变成名词后也+to do decision/failure/hope/intention/need/plan/promise/wish
      • have sth. to do与have sth. to be done的区别 to do的执行者是句子的主语 e.g.I have a letter to post,so I can′t go swimming with you.（我有一封信需要我寄出） to be done 的执行者不是主语而是另有其人 I have a letter to be post.Can you help me?（我有一封信想要别人替我寄出）
    • 作状语
      • 目的状语 e.g.Susan came to visit me.
        • to do 可用in order to/so as to替换， 不定式如果用于句首，要用逗号隔开， 但so as to不可用于句首
      • 结果状语
        • only to do(表示意料之外的结果)
        • too… to …(太…而不能)
          • 表“非常…”e.g.I ′m but to happy to hear that. （得知那个消息我太高兴了）
        • be+adj./adv.+enough to do sth.
        • so…as to…
        • such+adj.+n.+as to do sth.
        • never to…
      • 原因状语
        • 主语+系动词+形容词（easy/glad impossible…）+to do
          • 主动表被动e.g. This machine is easy to operate.
      • 独立成分作状语
        • to be honest/to make matters worse/to tell you the truth/to begin with/to put it briefly
    • 作宾补
      • allow/advise/encourage/cause/consider/expectforce/forbid/invite /order/permit/persuade/teach/warn/wish+sb.+to do sth.
      • 感官动词
        • 五看 look at/notice/observe/see/watch
        • 两听 hear/listen to
        • 一感觉 feel
        • +宾语+do sth. (表主动，do 的全过程)
          • 被动语态恢复to e.g. I saw him enter the room& He was seen to enter the room.
      • 使役动词 have/let/make/get+宾语+do(让/迫使……做……）宾语与宾补为主动关系 被动语态恢复to e.g. Children should be made to understand the importance of saving water.
        • get与众不同：get sb.to do
      • with+宾语+to do （表将来）
        • 主动表被动，即不用to be done形式 e.g.With something important to talk about with you,you must stay there.
    • 主补
      • sb.is said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+ to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done
    • 不带to的动词不定式
      • 感官动词、使役动词
      • 常见固定用法
        • had better do sth./would rather do sth.(宁愿）/Why not do sth./ rather than do sth.（而不是)/can't choose but do sth./do nothing but do sth.
      • 连词but/except表示“除了”时，若前有实义动词do，则后不带do；若无do，则带do e.g. There's little we can do except wait. He likes nothing except to watch TV.
      • 主句部分含do的某种形式时省to e.g.The only/last thing I want to do is do sth. All I am trying to do is clear all the rubbish here.