导图社区 高中英语语法知识点
关于高中英语语法知识点的思维导图,包含情态动词(必修二1、2单元):基本用法、几组情态动词比较、情态动词+have done的用法(重点);非谓语动词。
编辑于2022-06-08 20:00:27语法知识点
情态动词(必修二1、2单元)
基本用法
表示说话人对某动作或状态的态度
不能用作谓语
几组情态动词比较
can /could
can not与enough或者too连用表示“再~也不为过”
may/might
may/might as welll+动词原形表示“不妨”
must/have to
have to表示客观需要
must表示主观需要
shall/should
will/would
need/dare
had better
情态动词+have done的用法(重点)
may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测(也许/或者已经做过某事)
must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测(一定做过某事)
could have done (本来能够做某事而没有做)
should have done(本应该做某事,而实际上没做)
need have done(本来需要做某事而没有做)
非谓语动词
动词不定式(必修二3单元)
动词不定式的时态和语态
to do/to be done
to be doing
to have (been) done
不定式作定语
序数词、最高级The only the last 或 no all any 限定的中心词
promise plan offer warning
something nothing
不定式作结果状语
形容词或副词加enough加不定式
too ~to太~而不能
so/such~as to如此以至于
动名词(必修二5单元)
做定语
分词
现在分词(doing)
现在分词作状语(必修二4单元)
现在分词的形式
主动
doing
having done
被动
being done
having been done
具体功能
时间状语Hearing the bad news, they couldn′t help crying
原因状语Being so angry ,he could not go to sleep
条件状语Working hard, you will succeed
让步状语Though raining heavily, it′s cleaned up very soon
伴随状语They came into that classroom singing and laughing
结果状语Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry
方式状语They eat using the fingers of their right hands
评论性状语Generally speaking一般说来,frankly speaking坦率地说,judging from/by由什么判断、Considering考虑到、supposing/providing如果、assuming假设
现在分词作宾补(必修二6单元)
感官动词feel hear listen to see watch notice observed look at表示,该动作正在进行
动词keep have leave等可以接现在分词作宾语补足语表示处于某种状态
现在分词作定语
过去分词
过去分词作定语(必修三2单元)
前置定语The recovered animals will be released soon
后置定语There were a couple of seats left at the back
过去分词作宾补(必修二6单元)
表示命令的动词如like want wish order等接过去分词充当补足语
see notice observe watch feel find感官动词后,常接过去分词作宾语补足语,表示该动作与宾语之间是被动关系或者该动作已经发生
过去分词作状语(必修三1单元)
原因Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder
条件Given more time, we could do it much better
让步Wounded, the brave soldier continue to fight
时间Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last
方式The old man walked into the room ,supported by his son
伴随Miss wu came in, followed by her daughter
完成时被动(必修三3单元)
构成
肯定式
主语+have/has been done
否定式
主语+have/has not been done
一般疑问式
Have/Has+主语+been done
特殊疑问式
疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
常用
already,yet,just,never,recently连用
for、since,how long
现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished
现在进行时被动(必修三4单元)
结构
肯定be+being done
否定be+not being done
一般疑问句be+主语+being done
特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+being done
用法
now,at the moment
表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作
always,constantly,often
与某些情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的动作的推测
Stay love have want belong to 一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态
注意事项
be+under/in+名词有时可以相当于进行时的被动语态
过去将来时(必修三5单元)
构成
肯定句 主语+would+动词原形+其他
否定句 主语+would not+动词原形+其他
疑问句 Would+主语+动词原形+其他
被动句 主语+would+be+动词的过去分词+其他
其他形式
was/were+going to+动词原形
was/were to do
was/were about to do
was/were doing
省略(必修三6单元)
简单句的省略
省略主语(You) Shut up
省略宾语I don't know (her)
省略主语和谓语(Have you) Got any ink?
并列句的省略
They don't agree with you; neither do I(agree with you)
复合句的省略
状语从句的省略
在问while ,when,if, as if, though, although as, until, once, whether or, unless whenever等连接的状语从句中当从句主语跟主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it且从句谓语中还有系动词be时从句中主语和be动词常被省略
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary
定语从句的省略
关系代词做宾语 whom which that可省略
修饰way且在从句中作状语的关系词that或in which可省略
宾语从句的省略
He said(that )the test was very important and that we should learn it by heart
I know that a movie star will come to our city but i don′t know when (he will come to our city)
其他情况的省略
动词不定式的省略
某些使役动词(如make left half done)和感官动词,(如see watch notice observe hear)等,后面做宾语补足语的不定式可以省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态则to不能省略
并列的两个不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to,但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时则不能省略to
当不定式在形容词afraid anxious eager glad happy ready willing后作状语时,为避免重复to后面的内容省略
but except有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to He did nothing all day except watch TV
使用so,not的省略
介词的省略