英语泛读大事年表

英国国情与文化梳理时间线，自ln 3500BC，The great round temple of Stonehenge was established至ln 1837 William died on June 20,1837, without surviving children.His niece Victoria succeeded him.

大事年表

• In 3500BC
  • The great round temple of Stonehenge was established
• In 700BC
  • The Celts began to move to Britain
• In 55BC and 54BC
  • Roman invaded Britain twice
• In 410
  • The Roman of Britain was ended
• From the middle of the 5th
  • Three Germanic (Teutonic) tribes,namely Jutes, Angles and Saxons, began to migrate from the region ofDenmark and settled in Britain.
• in 597
  • St. Augustine and others from Rome successfully converted the leaders in tribes to Christianity.
• Ny the end of the 7th century
  • England had been Christianized.
• At Cheistmas 1065
  • they gathered for theopening of the king's new abbey atWestminster, two miles outside the walls ofLondon.
• On Christmas Day 1066
  • Williamthe Conqueror was crowned in WestminsterAbbey.
• In 1086
  • men were sent out in 1086 to make a detailed record of all the wealth of England.
• In 1106
  • an English army underHenry's command defeated Robert and seized Normandy
• In Henry's day
  • the members of the jury were witnessesthemselves, and no man could be tried unless a jury of twelve men swore thatthere was a true case against him.
• In 1173, 1181 and 1184
  • Henry had problems within his only family.
• In 1189
  • Henry's death on 6 July, 1189
• In 1194
  • Thomas returned and preached against the king in CanterburyCathedral.
• By the end of the 12th century
  • all the royal offices had been moved from Winchester to Westminster, whichthus became the nation's capital.
• 13th century
  • For seventy years, England suffered from weak kings who were unfit torule, yet the troubles of Stephen's time were not repeated.
• In 1215
  • sign the Magna Carta
• In 1342
  • Edward III was only fifteen, and for three years his mother and Mortimerruled in his name. Then Edward arrested them.
• In 1337- 1453
  • The Hundred Year's War
• In 1327- 1377
  • Edward III ruled England
• In 1377
  • Edward III landed in Normandy with an English army.
• In 1399
  • John of Gaunt died and Richard II confiscated the land he hadowned.
• In 1400
  • Richard was imprisoned in a castle andmysteriously died in February, 1400.
• In 1413
  • Henry IV died and Henry V succeed to the theone
• In 1415
  • The Battle of Agincourt and conquered Normandy and Rouen for England.
• In 1420
  • Henry married the daughter of the king of France and it was agreed that theirchildren would be the heirs of both England and France.
• In 1422
  • Henry VI, became the only king to becrowned king of England and France.
• In 1453
  • The war ended in failure for the Normans.
• By the end of the 14th century
  • The English languagewas reestablished as the official language and the French language was no longer used in daily life.
• In 1455-1487
  • The Wars of the Roses
• In 1455
  • The first battle of the Wars of the Roses took place at St. Albans
• In 1456
  • Henry recovered and retook the throne.
• In 1459
  • Richard was killed at the Battle of Wakefield.
• In 1461
  • Richard's son Edward, Earl of March, defeated the king'sarmy, took the king prisoner and made himself King Edward IV. QucenMargaret took her son and fled to Wales where they were taken in by theking's half-brother Jaspar Tudor.
• In 1470
  • Henry VI regained the throne
• In 1471
  • Henry VI was defeated by Edward's army at the Battle of Tewkesbury and takenprisoner.
• In 1483
  • With no other Lancastrian heir to challenge him, Edward IV remained kinguntil his sudden death.
• In 1485
  • Henry Tudor raised a Lancastrian army against Richard III and at the Battleof Bosworth Field
• IN 1547
  • the death of Henry VIII
• In 1558
  • Elizabeth became Queen of England and Mary died
• In 1577- 1580
  • Sir Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the globe
• In 1588
  • The peak of England's power at seawas the triumph over the mighty SpanishArmada.
• In 1603
  • Elizabeth reign and died
  • James VI of Scotland was welcomed to the English throne as James I
• In 1605
  • James died
• In 1625
  • James I died
• In1639
  • The Scots' army crossed the border and invaded English territory
• In 1653
  • Charles summoned another Parliament
• In 1645
  • the "New Model Amy" scored a decisive victory victory a Naseby
• In 1649
  • Charles was deposed as “tyrant, traitor, murder and a public andimplacable enemy of the Commonwealth of England"
  • the House of Lords and the office of theking were abolished and a Council of State was set up to carry out the executivework of the government
  • England was declared aCommonwealth.
• In1658
  • Cromwell died, and his son Richard was declared Lord Protector.
• In 1660
  • George I was born
• In 1685
  • Charles IⅡ died
  • James II ascended the throne
• In th 1670s
  • , the Cavaliers and the Roundheads had settled down tobecome two political parties: the former the Tories and the latter the Whigs.
• In 1688
  • Leaders of Parliament invited William to come and take the throne
• In 1702
  • William died
• In 1714
  • Queen Anne died
  • The Electress Sophia and Anne died in quicksuccession and George became king
• In 1727
  • George I died on June 11, 1727 during a visit to Hanover and wassucceeded by his son.
• In 1751
  • Frederick had died in 1751, leaving George II's grandson to inherit the throne.
• In 1756- 1763
  • The Seven Year's War
    • This period also saw theexpansion of British influence in India and Canadawith the military successes of Clive and Wolfe.
• In 1762
  • George IV was born on August 17, 1762, the eldest sonof King George III and Queen Charlotte.
• In 1760
  • George II died on October 25, 1760.
  • George III became heir to the throne on the death ofhis father iu 1751, succeeding his grandfather, George II,in 1760.
• By the middle of the 18th
  • By the middle of the 18th century,most of the American colonies were in thehands of the Englishmen.
• In 1765
  • In 1765, the English parliament passed the Stamp Act, requiring the use of stamped paper fornewspapers, pamphlets and legal documents in the colonies.
  • William was born at Buckingham Palace in Londonon August 21, 1765.
• In 1773
  • In 1773, the Bostonians boarded an English tea ship anddumped cargos into water.
• In 1775
  • The war broke out in April 1775
• In 1776
  • The Declaration of Independence was drawn up in1776, which proclaimed the independence of thirteen American colonies.
• In the 1780s
  • The American war, its political aftermath and family anxieties placed greatstrain on George in the 1780s.
• In 1788
  • After serious bouts of illness in 1788 and againin 1801, George became permanently deranged in 1810.
• In 1801
  • In 1801, under the Act of Union Great Britain and Ireland were united intoa single nation—the United Kingdom.
• In 1805
  • In 1805, the English fleet destroyed thecombined French and Spanish fleets at Trafalgar and warded off Napoleon'sattempted invasion of England.
• In 1811
  • the later George IV acted as Prince Regent from 1811.
  • In 1811, Georgebecame regent-with the duties but not yet the status of aking—after his father was declared insane.
• In 1815
  • In 1815, Napolcon was ultimately defeated atWaterloo by Britain and her allies under the commandership of Duke of Wellington.
  • During the reign of George IV, England was at war with France from 1793 to 1815.
• In 1817
  • George IV's only child, Princess Charlotte haddied in childbirth in 1817, so the crown passed to George's brother whobecame William IV.
• In 1820
  • .George remained ill until his death at Windsor Castle on January 29, 1820.
• In 1830
  • William IⅣ was King of Great Britain and Ireland from1830.
  • George IV died on June 26, 1830.
• In 1837
  • William died on June 20, 1837, without surviving children. His niece Victoria succeeded him.