monkey长难句技巧

考研英语长难句翻译技巧；配合考研英语语法和考研真题使用效果更佳；同时也可以搭配monkey老师的长难句百日实战课程。

monkey长难句技巧

• 长难句分析基本步骤和常见问题
  • 基本步骤
    • 1.找主句谓语
    • 2.围绕主句谓语找其主语、宾语（表语）
    • 3.围绕主语、宾语找相关的定语
    • 4.搞清剩余成分（状，补）修饰的对象，是形容词、动词、还是全句
  • 常见问题
    • 1.句中ed形式结尾的词是did、done还是adj?
    • 2、that被省略的是定语从句还是名词性从句引导词
    • 3.that引导了什么从句; which引导的是不是非限?
    • 4.for、as等词是介词还是连词? and并列的是名词还是句子?
    • 5.复杂句的主干把握、从句的范围以及综合翻译问题
    • 6.倒装、插入、省略、强调、后置等干扰正常语序的语法现象。
• 长难句分核心原则
  • 二分原则(非黑即白) 大数定律（以史为鉴）
    • ①句中ed形式结尾的词是did、done还是adj?
    • ②that省略or没省略? that引导了名从or定从?that引导了从句or只是个代词? ｜ 标注黄色的就是大概率正确的
    • ③ which引导的是限制性定语从句or非限制性定语从句? ｜ 把which先翻译成他、她、它【带进去，看有没有问题】或者“这”
    • ④as、for后跟的是从句or名词? ｜ 标注黄色的就是大概率正确的
    • and并列的是句子、动词or其它? ｜ 标注黄色的就是大概率正确的
• 长难句分析基本步骤 动词=n 连词=n-1 n-（n-1）=1→剩下的是谓语动词
  • 如: Whether Monkey is a human is still unknown because he never shows up when he teaches the class.
  • 步骤
    • 1.找出句中所有的谓语以及常见从句引导词，并按顺序写下来。 谓语： 红字【4个】 ​从句引导词 Whether because when 【3个】 ​按顺序写： Whether is is because shows when teaches
    • 2.清点谓语、引导词数量并且代入检测，直到等式成立：
      • 谓语动词数-常见从句引导词数=1
      • 多出的1个就是主句的谓语
    • 3.引导词按向后就近原则分配，引导词与紧邻其后出现的国王（谓语）必属一家。最后剩下的孤家寡人就是主句谓语! 就近配对：【[whether is] is [because shows] [when teaches]】
    • 4.主句; 目的、因果、条件类状语优先翻译; to do优先翻译
  • 内在逻辑
    • 两个假定
      • 假定：谓语动词数-常见从句引导词数=1
      • 假设:that没省略;that引导了从句; as、for做介词，后跟的是名词; and并列的不是动词或句子; ed结尾的词是done和adj。
    • 常见从句引导词
      • that、which、what、where、when、if、how、whether、why、while、though、although...
    • 检验
      • 如果结果≠1，则意味着出现了小概率事件
      • 结果>1，则that省略了、and或but并列谓语了、as、for做引导词了、make sb do sth类特殊结构。
        • 谓语动词多了
          • and或but并列谓语了：因此并列连词带的是两个v.
          • make sb do sth类特殊结构：所以多算了一个do
        • 连词找少了
          • that省略了
          • as、for做引导词了（没算成连词）
      • 结果＜1，则谓语找漏了（ed结尾的是过去式did）；引导词找多了（that做代词；if done特殊结构）
        • 谓语动词少了
        • 连词找多了
• 练习
  • 例1：What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
    • ｜ 谓语动词：5个
    • ｜ 从句引导词：3个
    • ｜ 按顺序写：What is is whether that assume (that) are is
    • ｜ 5-3=2，判断：引导词找少了，哪里谓语动词一堆，没从句管，哪里就省略了
    • ｜ 补充后：｜ ​What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume（that） they are presiding over is for real.
    • ｜ 就近配对：[What is] is 【whether [that assume] [that are] is】嵌套从句结构
  • 例2：Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join.
    • ｜ 谓语动词：3个
    • ｜ 从句引导词：0
    • ｜ 判断：省略了2个从句引导词，加that
    • ｜ 按顺序：introduce [ (that) are] [ (that)want]
    • ｜ 补充后：｜ Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure (that) children are properly equipped for the professions (that) they want to join.
      • Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure .许多欧洲学校(前些日子)引入了职业培训的概念，目的是确保... ｜ 主句明显不完整，意味着that从句中有名从，需要翻译后放在主句里。
      • Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early onin order to make sure (that) children are properly equipped for the professions 许多欧洲学校前些日子引入了职业培训的概念，目的是确保（孩子们为...的职业做好了准备) ｜ 至此主句意思完整，剩下的that应该是定从，翻译中留下占位符即可。
  • 例3：For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of thenew computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
    • 谓语动词：4个
    • 从句引导词：4个
    • 判断：4-4=0，引导词找多了， For a while：有段时间，做名词，去掉
    • 按顺序写，就近匹配：looked 【as though (which had) (which sat) was】嵌套从句
    • 主干：For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, (which.….) ,was going to be the next casualty. 有段时间似乎(...的)半导体制作将会是下一个受害者。