中国文化概况chapter3 education

the reform and opening-up policy,international communication and cooperation in education has moved to a new stage.

education

• Development of Traditionala Education
  • Private Schools
    • set up by a family
      • one teacher giving individual tuition
    • the largest and most influential private school
      • run by Confucius
    • other Schools
      • Taoism
  • Official Schools
    • began in Western Zhou dynasty
    • only admit to childrenof nobles
    • teaching materials
      • Four Books and Five Classics
    • deteriorate after the Sui dynasty
    • Academic of Classical Learning
      • began in Tang dynasty
      • established in various localities
      • four famous academies
        • Yuelu Academy
        • Bailudong Academy
        • Songyang Academy
        • Yingtian Academy
  • Imperial Civil Examination System
    • began in Sui dynasty
    • subjects
      • jinshii
        • writing an eight–part essay
      • military
        • martial arts
    • ranking
      • zhuangyuan, bangyan, tanhua
    • influence
      • giving poor people chanc e
      • fetters people's thinking and prevents cultural progress
    • abolished in 1905
• present education
  • basic education
    • pre-school education
      • nurseries
      • kindergartens
    • Nine-Year compulsory education
      • six years in primary school
      • three years in junior middle school
  • senior middle school and secondary vocational school
    • preparation period for colleges and universities
    • jobs
  • higher education
    • started in Han dynasty
      • taixue
    • Sui dynasty
      • guozijian
    • includes universities, colleges and institutes
      • first two years
        • basic courses
      • last two years
        • specialised courses
      • earn a master's degree
  • adult education
    • certificate
    • non-certificate
  • special education
    • provides education for people with disabilities
    • government attaches great importance
  • vocational education
    • carried out by
      • advanced vocational schools
      • secondary technical schools
      • skilled workers'schools etc.
    • run by
      • community groups
      • individuals
  • education for ethnic minority groups
    • the government's supports on the ethnic minority groups have made a great contribution to the economic and social
• International Exchanges and Cooperation
  • Studying Abroad
    • the reform and opening-up policy, international communication and cooperation in education has moved to a new stage.
    • reform and development in China and enhanced the mutual understanding and friendship between China and other countries.
  • International Students in China
    • In 1950
    • promote exchanges and cooperation,education between Chian and other countries.
  • Other Exchanges andProgrammes
    • Academic Exchange
      • made sound progress and multilateral educational cooperation
    • Confucius Institute
      • help to promote and disseminate Chinese culture and Chinese language education
      • deepen the friendship between China and the rest of world