18世纪英国启蒙运动

Masked by an outside seriousness and apparant authorial objectivity———more bitter, powerful、The most violent protest against the inhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the ruling class

18世纪启蒙运动

• Background
  • Politically
    • The glorious revolution:compromise between aristocracy and bourgeoisie
    • The Whigs Tories ,jacobites
  • Economically
    • victory of bourgeois revolution
    • the enclosure movement was legalized
    • industrial revolution
  • Militarily
    • war between France and England
  • Socially
    • opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletarian(无产阶级)
    • Irish national liberation movement
  • Religiously
    • the collapse of the church
  • Literally
    • Enlightenment movement
• Harmony
• Literature
  • Age of reason:secularism ,challenge s to authority,
  • Neoclassicism
    • revival of interest in the ancient Greek and Roman works
    • order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy
    • Representative
      • John Dryden
        • Heroic couplet
        • An essay on criticism
        • The rape of the lock夺发记
        • The dunciad群愚史诗
        • An essay on man
      • Alexander Pope
      • Samuel Johnson
  • realistic novel
    • Daniel Defoe
      • Robinson Crusoe
        • ①Novel in the picaresque tradition(流浪小说) ②Island literature
        • Theme
          • ①successful struggle against the hostile nature present a typical 18th-century middle class man:hardworking,energetic,courageous,frugal,persistent,practical
          • ②spiritual changes show the Purtain fortitude and the features of the captalist pioneer colonist
        • Character
          • Economic individualism
            • Everyman—————personal hardworking——————————prosperous man(poessess a colony) (Nothing physically, intellectually, socially)
          • Bussiness ethic of profitable exchange
            • relationship with people——possession and ownership Most valuable people———financially obliged to him(personal property)
          • Puritan concept
            • spiritual awakening
            • Puritan Providence and religious living Conquest of nature——god's purposes Hardworking self reliance, self restraint
      • captian singleton
      • Social significance
        • efforts of individuals,wisdom and courage to overcome difficulties
        • plot: twist and turns
        • pursuit of adventure, society and individual struggle
    • Jonathan Swift
      • Satirist
      • Simple,direct,precise prose
      • Gulliver′s travels
        • Social satirel
          • Religious and political system of England
          • The dark side of human nature
          • The whole society of the early 18th century
            • the ugliness of the ruling class
              • Hypocrisy, greed Intrigues and corruption Ruthless oppression
            • Declining feudalism, attacking wars, the vestiges of feudal traditions at English court Money worship
          • Masked by an outside seriousness and apparant authorial objectivity———more bitter, powerful
          • Direct descriptions of men and things
        • Structure and content
          • Lilliput（小人国）
            • Life is the miniature of the real word
          • Brobdingnagian
            • superior in wisdom
          • Flyland
            • study absurd problem s
          • Houyhnhnm land(贤马国)
            • Yahoos(野蛮)
      • A modest proposal
        • The most violent protest against the inhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the ruling class
      • A take of a tub
        • against religion
      • The battle of the books
        • against learning
    • Henry Fielding
      • realism
      • Comic epic in prose(English homer)
      • The father of English novel(third person narration)
      • the history of tomorrow Jones a founding
        • The hypocrisy and depravity of the ruling class The poverty of the working masses A comprehensive all-bracing picture of the life of the 18the century-England
        • Pursuit of liberty, individual equality and freedom of marriage
        • Character
          • Tom:virtue Impulsive, wanting prudence full of animal spirit
          • Bilfil:selfish, wicked, hypocritical
          • Sophia: heroine, brave,
        • Writing feature
          • Satirical picaresque novel
          • Depict in realistic and humorous detail
          • third person narration
  • realistic poet
    • Alexander Pope
      • An essay on criticisn
        • comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism
        • classical values Didactic poetry
      • The rape of the lock
        • mock-heoric epic
        • ridicule the aristocratic bourgeois society of the 18th century in England
        • Based on actual episode
      • The dunciad
        • the corruptness of government, social morals, education,religion
      • An essay on man
        • two principles of human nature
          • self-love
          • reason
      • Writing feature
        • essayist,verse satirist poets
        • long heoric couplet
        • neoclassicism
          • order,logic,reason,restrained emotion,good taste,docurum
        • Concise,smooth,graceful,well-balancd style
  • romantic poets
    • William Blake
      • Pre romantic
      • symbolism
      • Strange imagination, rich individual character, unique system of mythology
      • Songs of innocence
        • for children
        • happy condition of a child before he knows anything about pain
        • The lamb
      • songs of experience
        • neediness and distress, suffering s of the miserable
        • The tighter and London
    • Robert Burns
      • Auld lang syne(友谊天长地久)
      • the tree of liberty
      • Theme
        • Love and friendship
        • sympathy and patriotism
        • sorrow and joys of the humble Scottish farmers
      • The poet's poet
      • Peasant poet———purely natural and extremely rich in agrestic breath(乡土气息)
      • Satirize the hypocrisy, ruthless, sham of the society
      • verse-narrative Folk songs
  • Playwright
    • Richard Brinsley Sheridan
      • The school for scandal
        • comedy
        • Brilliant portrayal and a biting satire of the English high society
        • Theme:morality———satirize the vanity, greed and hypocrisy of the seeming genteel upper class
        • Character
          • Charles
            • kind, right, good-natured, affectionate, but extravagant
          • Joseph
            • callous, hypocritical, egoistic, wicked
          • Maria
            • Naive,royal
          • Mrs sneerwell,Mr crabtree, Mrs candour
            • Talkative, jealous,tiresome,revengeful
          • Sir backbite
            • conceited, hypocritical
        • Writing feature
          • Imagism
      • The rivals情敌
        • Theme
          • Money talks金钱至上 aristocratic bourgeois world
          • Ridicule the sentimental and pseudo romantic fancies of the young woman from the upper class family
      • Writing style
        • comedy
        • theme:morality
        • well-organised plot, clear depicts, disguise,witty dialogue, neat language
  • Gothic novel
    • combination of horror and romance
  • Graveyard school
    • Thomas Gray
      • Elegy written in the country churchyard
        • Abounds in images and arouses sentiment