导图社区 语言学期末思维导图Part3
这是一篇关于语言学期末思维导图Part3的思维导图、Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science心理科学方法与实践进展。
编辑于2022-12-23 22:07:53 辽宁Part3
Hypothesis假设
Thesis论题
Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science心理科学方法与实践进展
Previous research achievements前人研究成果
研究人员 Reseracher
Srull and Wyer
研究过程 Reserach course
1. 实验 1 中有两名参与者被剔除,因为他们的总体准确度水平比平均水平低 2 个标准差,因此每个文化组中有 27 人。Two participants were excluded from experiment because their overall accuracy level was 2 standard deviations below the average, resulting in 27 in each cultural group
2.计算这些点位置的算法可以从作者那里获得The algorithm for calculating the position of these points is available from the author
3. 当对中位反应时间而不是平均反应时间进行相同的比较时,观察到相同的文化模式,t (52) = 2.26,p = .03。The same cultural patterns were observed when the same comparisons were made for median response times rather than average response times
4. 两名参与者的数据从这些分析中删除,因为他们在这五项试验中的准确性超过总体组平均值的 2 个标准差。Data for two participants were removed from these analyses because their accuracy in the five trials exceeded the total group mean by 2 standard deviations.
5. 当将这些实验的结果与报告配置效应的 Jiang、Olson 和 Chun(2000)的结果进行比较时,会发现一个显着的差异。尽管这两项研究的参与者都达到了相似的准确度水平,但他们的样本虽小但经验丰富(N = 7,其中大多数参与了其他视觉变化检测研究)似乎误报的次数少于我们的小组,从而导致更高的d ' 估计. 使用与此处报告的两个实验相同的参数来复制配置效果的其他尝试被证明是徒劳的When the results of these experiments are compared with those of Jiang, Olson, and Chun (2000), who report the configuration effect, a significant difference is found. Although participants in both studies achieved similar levels of accuracy, their small but experienced samples (N = 7, most of whom were involved in other visual change detection studies) appeared to have fewer false positives than our group, leading to higher d 'estimates. futile:Other attempts to replicate the effects of the configuration using the same parameters as the two experiments reported here have proved
研究结果Reaearch result
向受试者展示一个充满情感的词(如敌意)会影响他们对一个假想人物的印象。在处理视觉场景时,西方人会注意突出的物体,而东亚人会注意焦点物体与背景元素之间的关系。注意力分配的跨文化差异可能促成了这些早期发现。Showing subjects an emotionally charged word (such as hostility) affected their impression of an imaginary character. When processing visual scenes, Westerners pay attention to salient objects, while East Asians pay attention to the relationship between focal objects and background elements. Cross-cultural differences in the allocation of attention may have contributed to these early findings.
当一组彩色块的布局扩展以覆盖更广泛的区域时,东亚人比美国人更善于检测颜色变化,而当它缩小时更差。East Asians were better than Americans at detecting color change when the layout of a set of color blocks expanded to cover a wider area, and worse when it shrank.
东亚人在察觉屏幕中央的变化方面也比美国人慢。East Asians were also slower than Americans to detect changes in the center of the screen.
数据表明,东亚人比美国人更广泛地分配注意力。The data suggest that East Asians divide their attention more widely than Americans do.
假设:北美人比东亚人更擅长分析,东亚人比北美人更全面。Hypothesis: North Americans are more analytical than East Asians, but East Asians are more comprehensive than North Americans.
术语定义
ERP patterns
就是企业资源计划(Enterprise Resources Planning)的简称,它将企业的财务、采购、生产、销售、库存和其它业务功能整合到一个信息管理平台上,从而实现信息数据标准化,系统运行集成化、业务流程合理化、绩效监控动态化、管理改善持续化Enterprise Resources Planning is short for Enterprise Resources Planning, which integrates a company's finance, purchasing, production, sales, inventory and other business functions into an information management platform, thus standardizing information and data. System operation integration, business process rationalization, dynamic performance monitoring, continuous management improvement
Mri images
磁共振成像,是利用磁共振现象从人体内获得电磁信号并重建出人体信息的一种检查技术。Magnetic resonance imaging is an examination technique that uses magnetic resonance phenomena to obtain electromagnetic signals from the human body and reconstruct information.
epistemology
个体的知识观,即个体对知识和知识获得所持有的信念The individual view of knowledge is the individual's belief in knowledge and knowledge acquisition
研究对象Researcher
密歇根大学的 25 名欧裔美国研究生(10 名男性,15 名女性)和 27 名国际中国研究生(14 名男性,12 名女性,1 份数据缺失)参与了该研究。美国人和中国人的平均年龄分别为 24.3 岁和 25.4 岁。所有中国参与者都出生在中国,并在中国完成了本科学位。Twenty-five EuropeAn-American graduate students (10 men, 15 women) and 27 international Chinese graduate students (14 men, 12 women, one data missing) at the University of Michigan participated in the study. The median age: was 24.3 and 25.4, respectively. All Chinese participants: born in China and completed their undergraduate degrees in China.
研究方法Research method
测量了美国和中国参与者在复杂背景下观看带有焦点物体的照片时的眼球运动The eye movements of American and Chinese participants were measured while looking at photographs with focal objects against a complex background
材料Material
从Corel图像集(明尼苏达州)获得了动物、非生物和背景场景的集合A collection of animal, abiotic, and background scenes was obtained from the Corel Image Set (Minnesota)
程序Procedure
学习阶段Learning phase
参与者坐在椅子上,将下巴放在下巴托上,以标准化头部与电脑显示器的距离。下巴托距显示器的距离为 52.8 厘米。显示器的尺寸为 37.4 厘米。Participants sat in a chair with their chin resting on a chin rest to standardize the distance between the head and the computer monitor. The chin rest is 52.8 cm away from the display. The size of the display is 37.4 cm.
对象识别阶段Object recognition phase
对象识别阶段。参与者被带回计算机室完成识别记忆任务。参与者将观看图片。他尽可能快地判断他们以前是否见过一个物体,问他们他们是否在学习阶段见过图片中的特定动物、汽车、火车、船等。Object recognition phase. Participants were brought back to the computer room to complete the recognition memory task. Participants will view pictures. As quickly as he could, he judged whether they had seen an object before, asking them if they had seen a particular animal, car, train, boat, etc. in a picture during the learning phase.
人口调查问卷与汇报Population questionnaire and report
我们以熟悉度作为协变量重复了本文中报告的分析,并且统计模式没有变化。参与者还完成了一份人口统计问卷,询问有关他们的年龄、教育程度、家族史和英语语言能力的信息。We repeated the analysis reported in this paper with familiarity as a covariable, and the statistical pattern did not change. Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire that asked for information about their age, education, family history and English language ability.
结果Outcome
美国人倾向于更快更长时间地注视前景物体,这表明他们比中国人编码了更多物体的视觉细节。Americans tended to look at foreground objects faster and longer, suggesting that they encoded more visual details of objects than Chinese.
中国人更多地关注背景而不是物体The Chinese focus more on the background than the object
论题:场景感知过程中眼球运动的文化差异
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