1. although
尽管,比though正式,多用于句首,不用再倒装句中.
1.1. Although he is poor,he's still happy.
虽然他很穷,他仍然无比快乐.
2. though
尽管,它的倒装和as的倒装用法一致,都不跟but连用,可跟yet,still连用.
2.1. Young though he is ,he is quite experienced.
强调↑,尽管他很年轻,但是很有经验.
3. even if
即使,语气更强的让步,具有假定性
3.1. Even if he is poor,she loevs him.
即使他很穷,但她还是爱他.
4. even though
尽管,以从句的内容为先决条件,表发生了的事
4.1. Even though he is poor,she loevs him.
尽管他很穷,但她还是爱他.
5. whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,whichever 无论....
单独充当成分,可看成具有代词/形容词和副词属性的连词.
whatever和whichever引导让步状语从句时,后可跟名词,相当于一个形容词作定语的用法
5.1. Whatever you say,I believe you.
无论你说什么,我都相信你.
5.2. Whoever telephone,tell them I'm out.
无论谁打电话过来,告诉他们我不在.
5.3. Whenever you come,you are welcome.
无论你什么时候来,我们都欢迎.
5.4. Wherever he goes,I'll go.
无论他去哪,我也去.
5.5. Whichever day you come,I'll be pleased to see you.无论你哪天来,我都欢迎.
6. however
不能单独使用充当成分,
后跟(形容词/副词)+主语+谓语,
或直接跟主语+谓语.
6.1. However you travel,it'll take you at least three days.无论你怎么走,至少要三天.
6.2. However cold it is,she always goes swimming.
无论天气多冷,她都会去游泳.
7. Wh-ever系列引导让步状语从句时,通常可换成no matter...
7.1. No matter what you say,I believe you.
无论你说什么,我都相信你.
7.2. No matter how much he eats,he never gets fat.无论他吃多少,他都不变胖.
8. whether...or...
不论...是否...
8.1. I'll do it whether you like it or not.
不管你是否喜欢,我都要做.
9. as
尽管,必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语/状语或动词原形.though也可以这样使用,但是although不可以.
9.1. 结构是:
形容词/副词/名词/动词原形/分词+as+主语+谓语
9.2. Small as atoms are,they are made up of still smaller units.尽管原子很小,但他们由更小的单元组成.
9.3. Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.尽管他学习很努力,但是几乎没什么进步.
