导图社区 英语语法特殊句型
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英语语法特殊句型
英语语法特殊句型整理，整理了常见的强调句、倒装句、反义疑问句、感叹句的句型，并进行了举例说明，有需要的同学，可以收藏下哟。
编辑于2021-10-24 09:33:10- 特殊句型
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特殊句型
强调句
强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。 被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中,指事物时常用which来代替that。被强调部分一定是完整的主语、宾语或状语,才是强调句型;如果被强调部分为部分的主语、宾语或状语,则形成从句结构,而不是强调句。
陈述句的强调句型 lt is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.他是在昨天遇见李平的。
特殊疑问句的强调句型 被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?
When and where was it that you were born? 你是何时何地出生的?
not.....until.…句型的强调句(直到……才)
It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分
普通句: He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.直到他妻子回来他才去睡觉。 强调句: It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.直到他妻子回来他才上床睡觉
通过使用词汇来进行强调only, even, alone, just, ever, very, too, at all, rather,entirely, completely, if ever, if only等词汇对内容进行修饰达到强调效果 however. whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever,whichever, no matter what/who/where/when/which/how等强调词进行实现强调效果
No matter how hard he tried,he couldn't succeed in lifting the box不管他怎么努力，他都搬不动这个箱子
倒装句
否定副词位于句首时的倒装 在正式文体中, never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly,scarcely, nosooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装
l shall never forgive him. Never shall I forgive him.我永远不会宽恕他。 He seldom goes out for dinner. Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。 She hardly has time to listen to music. Hardly does she have time to listen to music.她几乎没时间听音乐。 He little realizes how important this meeting is. Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。
当not….until句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序
He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped. Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间
某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装。 但是in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:
On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 In [Under] no circumstances will l lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。 In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
only+状语位于句首时的倒装, 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事
so+adj./adv.位于句首时的倒装, 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑
so+助动词+主语 倒装 前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用"So+助动词+主语” 前面提出某一否定的情况,也同样适合于后者,则应将so 改为neither 或 nor;
You are young and so am l. 你年轻,我也年轻。 She likes music and so do l.她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。 lf he can do it, so can l.要是他能做此事,我也能。
You aren't young and neither am l. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。 She hasn't read it and nor have l.她没有读它,我也没有读。
虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were.should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。 Should you require anything give me a ring.如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。 Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。
完全倒装
here 和 there位于句首时的倒装 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be，come，go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词 若主语为代词,则不倒装
Here's Tom.汤姆在这里。There's Jim.吉姆在那儿。 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。There goes the bell.铃响了。
Here l am.我在这儿/我来了。Here it comes．它来了。
away和 down等位于句首时的倒装 地点副词away,down,in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。
Away went the runners.赛跑选手们跑远了。 Round and round flew the plane.飞机盘旋着。 The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.门开了,史密斯先生进了来。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了,伞都撑起来了
反义疑问句
由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑向句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点
1)陈述部分l am 时,疑问部分要用aren't l.
I'm as tall as your sister, aren't l ? 我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?
2)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody, never, few,little, seldom, rarely, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义
The old man made no answer.did he? Jim is never late for school, is he?
3)陈述部分有情态动词
have to +v.(had to +v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)
We have to get there at eight tomorrow.don't we?
used to,疑问部分用 didn't+主语或usedn't+主语
He used to take pictures there, didn't he?/usedn't he?
had better+v.疑问句部分用 hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself,hadn't you?
4)陈述部分有would rather+v,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
He would rather read it ten times than ecite it, wouldn't he?
5)陈述部分有You'd like to +v,疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
You'd like to go with me. wouldn't you?
6)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that,nothing, this，疑问部分主语用it。 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody,anyone, somebody,nobody, no one 等,疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he.
Everything is ready, isn't it? Everyone knows the answer,don't they?(doesn't he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
7)含有宾语从句的反义疑问句 主语是第一人称
l don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she?
8)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句, 否定祈使句+will you? 肯定祈使句+will / won't you?
Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you/won't you?
9)陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there?
10)Let's开头的祈使句,后用shall we (或用shan't we)? Let us开头的祈使句,后用 will you(或 won't you )?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we(或 shan't we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you(或 won't you )?
11)如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-,im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage ,be unfair/untrue/ unable,etc.)，仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分一般用否定式
lt's unfair. isn't it?不公平，是吗? You dislike it, don't you?你不喜欢它,是吗? The patient is unable to move round, isn't he?这个病人不能到处走,是吗?
12)陈述部分含有must的反义疑问可:must 作 必须 讲时,其反义疑问部分用needn't;当含有mustn't时，其反意疑问部分用must/may
You must go now. needn't you?你必须走,是吗? You mustn't smoke here. must/may you?你不可以在这里吸烟。 对吗?
13)感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
What beautiful flowers, aren't they?多漂亮的花呀,不是吗??
14)带情态动词dare 或 need 的反义疑问句,疑问部分常用 need/dare+主语
We need not do it again,need we?我们不需要重做,是吗? He dare not say so, dare he?他不敢如此说,是吗?
感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what 或how 引导。
what 引导的感叹句
What + a/an+形容词＋可数名词 单数＋主语+谓语!。
what a nice present it is!它是一件多么好的礼物啊! what an interesting book it is!它是一本多么有趣的书啊!
What+形容词+可数名词 复数+主语+谓语!”。
What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊!
What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!"。
What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊! what important news it is!多重要的新闻啊!
how 引导的感叹句
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!"。
How careful she is!她多么细心啊! How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!"
How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
How +主语+谓语!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
what与how引导的感叹句有时可以转换,但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。
How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!
祈使句