Morphemes词素
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language,not divisibleor analyzable into smaller forms.
Morphs and Allomorphs形素和词素变体
Morphemes are abstract units
Morphs are actual spoken,minimal carriers of meaning.
All allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme.
Classifying Morphemes 词素的分类
Free Morphemes自由词素
Definition
Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free
Bound Morphemes粘着词素
Definition
Morphemes which cannot occur as seperate words are bound
Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words
Classification
Inflectional派生
Definition
Inflectional morphemes indicate the syntactic relationships between words and function as grammatical markers
change grammatical meaning
Derivational屈折
Definition
Derivational morphemes are used to derive new words when they are added to another morpheme
change semantical meaning
Morpheme and Word-formation
Affix词缀
Definition
Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elemens to modify meaninng or function
Root词根
Definition
A root is a form which is not further analyzable,either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology
A root is the basic part always present in a lexeme(词位)
All words contain a root morpheme所有单词都包含一个词根词素
Stem词干
Definition
A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology
Inflectional affixes can be added to it
A stem may consist of a single root morpheme ,or of 2root morphemes
Only inflectional affixes can be added to a stem
Base 词基
Definition
A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added
any root or stem can be termes as a base
Morphemization and New Morphemes