it is refer to the morphological process of forming a lexeme by attaching an affix to an existing lexeme.(can be both prefix and suffix)
Function
can change the lexical meaning and category
types
n. v. adj. adv. prep.
zero-derivation=一词多性 conversion(转类)
Inflection
Definition
the morphological process of inflection does not give rise to a new lexeme,but only yields different word forms of the same lexeme,and the affixes attached in this process are therefore inflection affixes/morphemes.
Function
often only add a grammatical meaning to stem
compounding
Definition
like derivation,it is also yields new lexemes,but these two lexeme formation are differ in that the latter involves the combination of lexemes,instead of a lexeme and affix.
types
attributive compounds
coordinative compounds
subordinative compounds
Minor morphological processes
coinage汉词新造
~iPhone
blending混成法
~hi-tech
backformation逆构
~surveillance
clipping缩写法
·~lab
borrowing借词法
~kongfu
acronym首字母缩略法
~WTO
Types of Morphemes
free morpheme
stand alone all monomorphemic words are free morphemes
bound morpheme
appear with at least one other form all affixes in English are bound morphemes -ed,-al,-tion,
root stem affix
a root is the base of the word
a stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added
Definition: an affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme(a root or stem)
Divided by location
1 infix中缀 2circumfix框缀 3 prefix 前缀4suffix后缀
Divided by function
Inflectional affixes
Derivational affixes
allomorph
a morpheme may have alternate shapes or phonetic forms the variant forms of the same morpheme are called its allomorphs.
allomorph is a very abstract concept,they are put between braces like -s,-es 是复数形式的变体
