Greek cultrue

《欧洲文化史》希腊文化整理，如Father of History was between Greek and Persians

Greek cultrue

• History
  • 1200B.C: Greece VS. Troy(败）
  • 5thB.C: successful repulse of the Persian--Athens vs. Sparta
  • 2nd half of the 4th B.C: King of Macedon--Alexander
  • 146 B.C: Romans conquered Greece
• social and political structure
  • Democracy"exercise of power by the whole people"
    • 1.Adult 2.Male 3. Citizens. Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded.
  • Economy of Athens: immense amount of slave labour.Revived in 1896
• Homer
  • epic
  • Iliad
    • southern mainland of Greece
      • led by Agamemnon. Achilles and Odysseus
    • Troy
      • Hector: was killed by Achilles, Troy was burned
  • the Odyssey
    • the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca
      • he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope after a long sea voyage.
• Lyric Poetry
  • Sappho(woman)
    • love poems of passionate intensity
  • Pindar
    • John Dryden imitate him
    • odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games (14 Olympian odes)
• Drama
  • Aeschylus
    • Prometheus Bound
    • Persians
    • Agamenon
    • 2 actor+a Chorus
      • end: death
      • writen in verse
  • Sophocles
    • Tragic Art; Perfect plot; and 3rd actor, decrease the size of the chorus
    • Oedipus the King
      • “the Oedipus complex" (Sigmund Freud)
    • Electra
    • Antigone
    • 见17页
  • Euripides
    • Andromache
    • Medea
    • Trojan Women
    • mainly about women; more of a realist; 1st writer of "problem plays";Elizabeth Browning called him" Euripides the human"
  • Comedy
    • Aristophanes
      • Clouds
        • 攻击Socrates
      • Frogs
        • Euripides
• History
  • Herodotus
    • Father of History
      • was between Greek and Persians
  • Thucydides
    • "the greatest historian that ever lived"(Macaulay)
      • War: Athens and Sparta
      • War: Athens and Syracuse
• Philosophy and Science
  • Pythagoras
    • the founder of scientific mathematics
      • All things are numbers
  • Heracleitue
    • fire to be the primary element
    • "all is flux, nothing is statinery
  • Democritus
    • atomic theory
  • Socrates
    • Dialogue
      • Plato recorded
    • dialectic method
      • question and answer
    • "The Apology of Socrates"
  • Plato
    • Dilaogue
      • The Apology
      • Symposium(dealing with the beauty and love)
      • Republic
    • Republic
      • "philosophyer-king"
    • Academy
    • Idealism
      • "ideas" are completely real, while the physical world is only relatively real
  • Aristole("Aristotle the Stagirite")
    • Ethic
    • Politics
    • Poetics
    • Rhetoric
    • emphasize direct observation of nature and insist that theory should follow fact
  • Contending Schools of Thought
    • Protagoras
      • Man is the measure of everything
      • On the Gods
    • the Cynics
      • Diogenes,"live like a dog
    • the Sceptics
    • the Epicureans
    • the Stoics