a style of clear and free from useless rhetoric; main leader-Pierre de Ronsard, wrote Sonnets pour Helene
Michel Eyques de Montaigne(1533-92)
Essays
self-portrayal: view on life, death, scepticism towards knowledge
Spain
Historical Background
by 1489,Various Kingdom merged into the union of Castile and Aragon; 1492, Moors were driven out+ Columbus discovered Ameria and claim；Explore much of Mexico, Central America(Golden age)
Literature
Miguel de Cervantes(1547-1616)
Don Quixote
a parody satirizing the romance of chicalry
Don Quixote, a poor country gentleman, with the peasant Sancho Panza as his squire, set forth on extravagent adventure(on the reality of 17th Spain, with more than 700 characters, and varying landscapes
The father of the modern English novel
Art
El Greco
counter-reformation
Baroque-treatment of line and space, dramatic use of colour, and sudden juxtapositon of dark and light
The Burial of Count Orgaz
In the North
Netherland
Erasmus(1466-1536)
In 1516, he publishe the 1st Greek edition of the New Testament
Flander( now part of Belgium and part of Nertherland)
Pierter Brugel(the Elder)(1525-69)
Peasant Brugel
Influence on later French landscape painter, esp, Millet
Germany
Albrecht Durer(1471-1528)
a foller of Martim Luther, made attempts to introduce a new Protestant Art
The Four Horsemen of Apocalypse (a woodcut)
Knight, Death and Devil
Hans Holbein(the younger)(1497-1543)
Erasmus of Rottendam
Portrait of Henry 8th
England
Historical Background
War of Rose-The Reign of Elizabeth: political and religious stability. economic prosperity
re-established Church end the religious strifle
Commerce and industry-enclosure movement
Colonization-new sea route
Thomas More(1477-1535)
Refuse to comform to the Act of Supremacy, beheaded
Utopia (in Latin)
a picture of an ideal non-Christian state where everyone lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge in Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief
