文学概念区分1

关于TONE 和MOOD 这两个概念是大多数小伙伴最容易混淆的，希望这份思维导读能帮助小伙伴们分清楚他们的不同噢~

Tone-01

• the author's attitude toward a subject
• Tone is a literary device that reflects the writer's attitude(which not explained or expressed directly) toward the subject matter or audience of a literary work.[the attitude conveyed in speech or writing]
• Function
  • help us to figure out an understanding of the setting and the story's atmosphere（——the emotional register of the story's language）
  • influences the intention and meaning of the written words
  • help to suggest the author's purpose(/get writer's messages across),strictly apply to convey the attitudes and feelings of a certain character or narrator
• Examples of tone in literature
  • formal 1.need to be direct and thorough while maintaining a respectful feel 2.often include full words with no contractions or other shortened words and does not include slang terms 3.it is grammatically correct and emphasizes facts rather than opinions. professional or academic context
  • informal conversational 1.include colloquial or slang phrases and shortened words(eg. contractions) 2.convey more emotion and personal opinions
  • optimistic positive positive feelings&attitude
  • pessimistic negative ; not realism reflects author's negative feelings or a negative view of a situation
  • tense W-:worry and concern ; -R:1.unsure of what will happpen next 2.feel anxious or apprehensive about what is to come will lead to a resolution and the tone will change(this change of tense from the detached,distant,camera like view to the intimate,deeply personal is done throughout the book and has a powerful dramatic effect on the story and therefore upon the reader.) mystery or thriller
  • curious reflects that the author or character wants to learn more about a particular topic or situation or that the reader will continue to uncover important details. W-:to uncover new information or describing a young child who is learning more about the world around them. -R:can keep a reader intrigued as they continue to read the piece.
  • uplifting W-:1.supportive and motivating feeling 2.providing reassurance to the reader that they can overcome challenging situations or take new steps in their journey.
  • aggressive an author may seek to prove their point in a harsh or unfriendly way. W-:frustration,anger or harsh
  • assertive W-:authority and confidence present things in a straightforward and direct way with little to no room for argument
  • informative to inform the the reader about a particular topic or subject Educational materials
  • entertaining to help the reader to enjoy the material humorous,lighthearted and enjoyable
  • sarcastic expresses contempt or mocks another point of view through the verbal language,body language or expressions of the characters.(——irony)
  • cooperative includes positive and collaborative elements,along with phrases that indicate the desire to work together express the need for mutual participation as a team or group of people works toward a shared goal
• How do writers create tone?
  • straightive language
  • Figurative language
    • to make your writing tone friendly(/approachable)
      • use analogies and metaphors
        • 'I'm feeling really stressed out.'× 'I feel like I'm carrying the weight of the world on my shoulders.' √
      • use similes
        • a figure of speech that compares two different kind of things using the words"like"or"as".
        • "My love is like a red red rose."
      • use personification
        • a figure of speech that gives human characteristics to inanimate objects or concept
        • "The flowers are dancing beside the lake."
      • use humor
        • could add a bit of levity to your text
        • 'I'm so sick of my job.'× 'I'd rather stick needles in my eyes than go to work today.' √
      • be relatable(/down-to-earth)
        • 'I can't stand my boss.'× 'My boss is a real jerk.' √
    • to make your writing tone informative
      • use metaphors and similes to explain complex concepts
        • to help readers understand complex concepts by relating them to something more familiar
        • "It's like a slow-motion train wreck."——global warming
      • use hyperbole to make a point
      • use analogies to compare and contrast ideas
        • "The Democratic Party is like a big tent that includes a lot of different viewpoints,while the Republican Party is more like a tightly-knit family."
      • use personification to give inanimate objects human characteristics
      • use idioms and proverbs to add color to your writing
    • to make your writing tone funny(/humorous)
      • use puns
      • use hyperbole
      • use irony
      • use sarcasm
      • use word play
    • to make your writing tone positive
      • use positive words and phrases
      • avoid negative words and phrases
      • use active voice
        • It means using verbs that express action,rather than passive verbs that express a state of being.
      • use concrete language
        • It means using specific and concrete words,rather than abstract and general words.
      • use positive imagery
• Determining Tone
  • read between lines to feel the author's attitude
  • make inferences about it based on what&how he/she said(diction;rhetoric,..)——identify the tone
• Mood-01
  • the audience's or reader's emotional response
  • The mood is the emotion the author wanted the readers to feel while reading about a subject.——the emotional register a reader experiences connotative words,sensory images,figurative language,the sound and rhythm of the language contribute to the mood of a selection.