定语从句

高中英语语法—定语从句，在句子中担任定语功能，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的句子，先行词+关系词+定语从句，内容详细全面！

定语从句

在句子中担任定语功能，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的句子 先行词+关系词+定语从句

关系词

关系代词

在限制性定语从句中，作宾语/表语的关系代词可省略 在介词后的关系代词以及非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可省略

who

指人 作主语/宾语

e.g. Do you know the man(who/whom)they are talking with?

在限制性定语从句中，whom不位于介词后时可用who代替 在非限制性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替

whom

指人 作宾语

e.g.Desperate for money,he called her sister,whom he hadn′t spoken to in 20 years.

whose

指人/物 作定语

whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom

which

指物/整个句子 作主语/宾语

that（非限无）

指人（可与who/whom互换）或物（可与which互换） 作主语/宾语/表语

as

指人/物/整个句子（非限可位于句首、句中或句尾） 作主语/宾语/表语  e.g.Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

常用固定表达

as we all know=as is known to all

as often happens=as is often the case

as we expect=as is expected

the same…as同一类 the same…that同一个

e.g.I bought the same dictionary as you bought. I met the same person that I saw yesterday.

such…as…中as引导定语从句，as作成分 such…that…中that引导结果状语从句，that不作成分

e.g.?

关系副词

when

作时间状语 可用on/in/ at/ during which代替

where

作地点状语 可用on/ in/ at /to which代替

抽象先行词

point/situation/condition/case/stage/atmosphere/scene/spot/part

why（非限无）

作原因状语 可用for which代替 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用for which

e.g.Can you tell me the reason why/for which the car broke down?

介词+关系代词 （which/whom/whose）

介词+关系代词

代词/数词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词

e.g.He has six daughters,the tallest of whom is Lily.

介词的确定

动词/形容词的习惯搭配

不拆开不把介词提前 否则会失去动词短语原来的意义:take care of/take part in/depend on/look after/look at/look for

sb.be familiar with sth. sth.be familiar to sb.

先行词的习惯搭配

e.g.I 'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.

表达意思

e.g.The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.

限&非限

限制性定语从句

删除后原句意思会含糊不清

前面无逗号

常翻译为定语

非限制性定语从句

起补充说明的作用，删除后不影响对原句的理解

前面有逗号

常翻译为并列的句子

非限&并列

非限制性定语从句

e.g.He has two children,both of whom are abroad.

并列句（有and/but/so等连接词连接）

e.g.He has two children,and both of them are abroad.

特殊情况

只用that

先行词是everything/nothing/anything/something/any/all/much/little/few等不定代词或被这些词修饰 

先行词是表语且关系代词本身在从句中作表语

e.g.The school is no longer the place that it used to be.

先行词既有人也有物

e.g.He took photographs of the things and people that he was interested in.

先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰

先行词被the only/the very/the last/the same等限定词修饰

主句以here/there(指物）/which/who开头

两个定语从句中一个用了who/which，另一个用that

用which不用that

引导非限定从

关系代词前有介词

两个定语从句中一个用了that，另一个用which

用who不用that

引导非限定从

先行词是指人的one/ones/anyone/those

there be结构中主语是指人的名词

e.g.There is a girl who is waiting for you.

先行词有较长的后置定语

e.g.Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?

两个定语从句中一个用了that,另一个用who

主谓一致

取决于先行词

one of +可数名词复数 用复数 the only one of+可数名词复数 用单数

e.g.He is one of the students who were awarded. He is the only one of the students who was awarded.

特殊形式

分隔式

定语从句与先行词分开

e.g. The day are gone when we lived together,worked together and played together.

混杂式

插入I think/I believe/they say等

e.g.The girl knows three foreign languages,which we all think makes it easier for her to find a good job.

省略式

介词+关系代词+不定式 注：主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致

e.g.I was trying to find a place in which to live. 完整：I was trying to find a place in which I could live. I was trying to find a place in which my brother could live.（×）

多重

两个或多个定语从句同时修饰一个先行词 注：第二个以及之后的所有关系词皆不可省略，否则易产生歧义

e.g.I'll never forget the moment when I first met Mary and which makes me feel happy. 我永远也忘不了我和玛丽第一次见面的那一刻，那个让我永远感到幸福的时刻。

定语从句

在句子中担任定语功能，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的句子 先行词+关系词+定语从句

关系词

关系代词

在限制性定语从句中，作宾语/表语的关系代词可省略 在介词后的关系代词以及非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可省略

who

指人 作主语/宾语

e.g. Do you know the man(who/whom)they are talking with?

在限制性定语从句中，whom不位于介词后时可用who代替 在非限制性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替

whom

指人 作宾语

e.g.Desperate for money,he called her sister,whom he hadn′t spoken to in 20 years.

whose

指人/物 作定语

whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom

which

指物/整个句子 作主语/宾语

that（非限无）

指人（可与who/whom互换）或物（可与which互换） 作主语/宾语/表语

as

指人/物/整个句子（非限可位于句首、句中或句尾） 作主语/宾语/表语  e.g.Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

常用固定表达

as we all know=as is known to all

as often happens=as is often the case

as we expect=as is expected

the same…as同一类 the same…that同一个

e.g.I bought the same dictionary as you bought. I met the same person that I saw yesterday.

such…as…中as引导定语从句，as作成分 such…that…中that引导结果状语从句，that不作成分

e.g.?

关系副词

when

作时间状语 可用on/in/ at/ during which代替

where

作地点状语 可用on/ in/ at /to which代替

抽象先行词

point/situation/condition/case/stage/atmosphere/scene/spot/part

why（非限无）

作原因状语 可用for which代替 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用for which

e.g.Can you tell me the reason why/for which the car broke down?

介词+关系代词 （which/whom/whose）

介词+关系代词

代词/数词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词

e.g.He has six daughters,the tallest of whom is Lily.

介词的确定

动词/形容词的习惯搭配

不拆开不把介词提前 否则会失去动词短语原来的意义:take care of/take part in/depend on/look after/look at/look for

sb.be familiar with sth. sth.be familiar to sb.

先行词的习惯搭配

e.g.I 'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.

表达意思

e.g.The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.

限&非限

限制性定语从句

删除后原句意思会含糊不清

前面无逗号

常翻译为定语

非限制性定语从句

起补充说明的作用，删除后不影响对原句的理解

前面有逗号

常翻译为并列的句子

非限&并列

非限制性定语从句

e.g.He has two children,both of whom are abroad.

并列句（有and/but/so等连接词连接）

e.g.He has two children,and both of them are abroad.

特殊情况

只用that

先行词是everything/nothing/anything/something/any/all/much/little/few等不定代词或被这些词修饰 

先行词是表语且关系代词本身在从句中作表语

e.g.The school is no longer the place that it used to be.

先行词既有人也有物

e.g.He took photographs of the things and people that he was interested in.

先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰

先行词被the only/the very/the last/the same等限定词修饰

主句以here/there(指物）/which/who开头

两个定语从句中一个用了who/which，另一个用that

用which不用that

引导非限定从

关系代词前有介词

两个定语从句中一个用了that，另一个用which

用who不用that

引导非限定从

先行词是指人的one/ones/anyone/those

there be结构中主语是指人的名词

e.g.There is a girl who is waiting for you.

先行词有较长的后置定语

e.g.Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?

两个定语从句中一个用了that,另一个用who

主谓一致

取决于先行词

one of +可数名词复数 用复数 the only one of+可数名词复数 用单数

e.g.He is one of the students who were awarded. He is the only one of the students who was awarded.

特殊形式

分隔式

定语从句与先行词分开

e.g. The day are gone when we lived together,worked together and played together.

混杂式

插入I think/I believe/they say等

e.g.The girl knows three foreign languages,which we all think makes it easier for her to find a good job.

省略式

介词+关系代词+不定式 注：主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致

e.g.I was trying to find a place in which to live. 完整：I was trying to find a place in which I could live. I was trying to find a place in which my brother could live.（×）

多重

两个或多个定语从句同时修饰一个先行词 注：第二个以及之后的所有关系词皆不可省略，否则易产生歧义

e.g.I'll never forget the moment when I first met Mary and which makes me feel happy. 我永远也忘不了我和玛丽第一次见面的那一刻，那个让我永远感到幸福的时刻。