导图社区 5500-Unit 4
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5500-Unit 4
朱伟老师5500真题词汇，星星数为重要程度，62个主词及其衍生的形近词、词组、同义词、近义词、反义词等；还有例句辅助理解记忆，祝大家都能顺利上岸哦！
编辑于2022-06-12 13:56:47
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5500-Unit 4
1、manage ☆☆☆☆
v.管理；经营；处理；设法对付；控制；操作
形近词
manager
n.管理者；经理
【n.管理者】 A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. 混乱的商业环境也使得高层管理者小心行事，以免让含糊的声明损毁自己的声誉。
【拓展】 "Lord Snow, it looks like you are the least useless person here."明褒实贬
【n.管理者；经理】 In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. 事实上，允许非执业律师持有律师事务所的股份，可以鼓励律师事务所运用高科技，并雇用职业经理人来着力提高公司效率，从而降低成本并改善客户服务。
manageable
adj.可管理的；可控制的；可处理的
【adj.可管理的；可控制的】 But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have ___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. [A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable 但是，大笑很难持续，所以一场酣畅淋漓的大笑也不可能像散步或慢跑那样帯来好处。 [A]显著的；重大的 [B]可管理的；可控制的 [C]买得起的；负担得起 [D]可更新的；可持续的
management
n.（商务或机构的）管理，经营；管理部门；安排；驾驭
【n.（商务或机构的）管理，经营】 Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should __. [A] seek new sources of readership [B] end the print edition for good [C] aim for efficient management [D] make strategic adjustments 佩雷建议，面对目前的形势，《纽约时报》应该___。 [A]寻找新的读者资源 [B]永久终止印刷版 [C]以高效管理为目标 [D]做出战略调整
同义词
administer
v.管理；治理
近义词
regulate
v.管理；调整；控制
【拓展】 curb v.控制 manipulate 操纵 manipulate the stock market
control
v.控制；管理
2、material ☆☆☆☆
n.材料，物质，素材，资料 adj.物质的
【n.素材：资料】 Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. 一旦完成了初稿，你就可以删除与论题无关的内容，增加必要的素材，以阐明你的观点并使你的论文更具有说服。
形近词
materialism
n. 唯物主义；唯物论；实利主义；物质主义
【拓展】 over-consumerism 过度消费主义
materialistic
adj.物质的；唯物主义的
3、reveal ☆☆☆☆
v.展现；显示；揭示；揭露；告诉；泄露
【v.揭示；揭露】 Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature. 艾伦的贡献在于他研究了我们都认同的这一假说（我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己的思想），并揭示了其错误的本质。 【automatic gizmo（小型的智能设备） AI：artificial intelligence
同义词
uncover
v.揭露；发现
unveil
v.公之于众；揭露
display
v.陈列； 显示
【v.显示】 The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. 美国人文与科学院对人文教育表现出了极大的热情。
【拓展】 exhibition 展览会 exposition 博览会
近义词
disclose
v.公开；揭露
4、career ☆☆☆☆
n.事业；职业；职业生涯
【n.职业】 Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. 与孩子们谈论一下你职业生涯中的欢乐与低谷，鼓励他们形成对自己未来的思考。
5、cover ☆☆☆☆
n.盖子；套子；（书的）封面 v.遮盖；覆盖；包含；足以支付；行走（一段路程）；占（一片面积）
【n.（书的）封面】 It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, "I love My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life enriching experience. 詹妮弗·西尼尔撰写的见解独到并富于煽动性的杂志封面故事《我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活》引起人们的热议，这不足为奇。文中认为养孩子绝不是一件完全令人有成就感并充实人生的体验，没有什么比这更能引发人们讨论的了。 【bring up the rear of sb. 为···殿后 at the rear of a car 在一辆车的后部 rear a kid 抚养孩子
形近词
coverage
n.覆盖；覆盖范围；新闻报道
【n.新闻报道】 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 在过去25年英文报刊发生的所有变化中，最具深远影响的可能就是其艺术新闻报道在范围和严肃性方面不可逆转的衰退。 【exorable = persuasible / convincible 可说服的，可信的 inexorable = unchangeable / invariable / invincible / ruthless
形近词
recovery
n.恢复；复原；痊愈；重获
【n.恢复；复原】 ☛ "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one." he says. 他说：“为数据安全、数据备份和数据恢复设立恰当的投资标准是管理问题，而不是技术问题。” 【redundancy 冗余 abundance(abundant) affluence(allfuent) ☛ As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. 随着经济复苏的迹象开始显现，二把手们可能更愿意在没有找到下家的情况下跳槽。 【deputy mayor 副市长
形近词
discover
v.发现；发觉
【v.发现】 Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. 大部分的考古遗址都是通过仔细搜寻找到的，但也有许多其他遗址是被意外发现的。
【拓展】 If a man has not discovered something that he will die for, he isn't fit to live. —Martin Luther King 不知为何死，枉为人生。
同义词
cloak
n.斗篷；披风；覆盖物；遮盖物 v.笼罩；覆盖；遮掩
【v.遮掩】 Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company." 他并没有用常见的含糊理由来掩饰自己的离开，而是直截了当地说他离开是“为了追求自己经营一家公司的目标”。
【拓展】 很多时候，隐瞒真相反而会使简单的问题复杂化。 Truth cloaked makes itself complicated more often than not. 【 more often than not = usually = often
6、epidemic ☆☆☆☆
n.流行病；（疾病的）流行，传播；（坏事的）盛行，泛滥，猖獗 adj.流行的；盛行的；肆虐的
【n.流行病】 It is the first worldwide epidemic designated by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
7、despite ☆☆☆☆
prep.尽管
Unfortunately, despite 2 ½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.
词组
in spite of
尽管
8、quit ☆☆☆☆
v.离开；退出；停止；放弃；辞职
【v.辞职】 In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. 最近几周，雅芳和美国运通公司的二把手们以想要寻求首席执行官的职位为由离职。
同义词
resign
v.辞职；放弃
renounce
v.放弃；抛弃
【拓展】 renounce one's rights / privileges
depart
v.离开；出发
【拓展】 departure n.离开 department 部门
【v.离开】 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. 当利亚姆·麦吉8月份辞去美国银行总裁一职时，他的解释出人意料地坦率。
9、suffer ☆☆☆☆
v.（因疾病或处于其他不利境地而）受苦；受难；受折磨
【v.受苦，受难】 But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too. 然而在现行体制下，许多公共部门员工的日子也不好过。
形近词
suffering
n.苦难；痛苦；折磨
【拓展】 infliction 折磨；苦难
词组
suffer sth./suffer from sth.
患（某种病）；受（某种病痛）折磨
suffer a cough 患了咳嗽
【拓展】 问：“为什么大多数人宁愿吃生活的苦，也不愿吃学习的苦！” 答：因为懒。学习的苦需要主动去吃，而生活的苦，你躺着不动它就来了。 Q: Why do vast majority of people prefer sufferings of life to pains of learning? A: Idleness, period! Aches and pains of learning come with your own choice, but life easily becomes unbearable once you do nothing.
10、crisis ☆☆☆☆
n.危机；危急关头
【n.危机】 Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. 然而，令人遗憾的是，这份报告未能指出人文教育所面临的危机的本质，其结果可能弊大于利。
形近词
critic
n.批评家；评论家；评论员；批评者；反对者
【n.评论家】 He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. 他在1967年获得了骑士勋章，是第一个获此殊荣的音乐评论家。
criticism
n.批评；批判；指责；（对书、戏剧等的）评论
【n.（对书、戏剧等的）评论】 It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that ___. [A] arts criticism has disappeared from big city newspapers [B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews [C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers [D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies 通过第一段和第二段可知___。 [A]艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了 [B]英文报纸过去常刊登更多的艺术评论 [C]高品质的报纸能留住大批的读者 [D]年轻读者怀疑评论文章是否适合登载在日报上
11、detail ☆☆☆☆
n.细节 v.详述；详细列举（或说明）
形近词
detailed
adj.详细的；详尽的
【adj.详细的】 The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. 该项目追踪你的进度，并对你的表现和进步提供详细的反馈。
12、current ☆☆☆☆
n.（河、湖或海的）水流；气流；电流；思潮；潮流 adj.现时的；当前的；进行中的
【adj.现时的；当前的】 Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions. 工党现任领袖埃德·米利班德能够荣登宝座，公共部门工会的选票功不可没。 【把···归因于：owe A to B subject / ascribe / attribute
形近词
curve
n.曲线；弧线；(尤指用图表表示的）曲线变化 v.（使）弯曲；（使）呈曲线形
【n.曲线】 In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. 在这种情况下，公司的反应也许不够迅速，缺乏深思熟虑，而且学习曲线一直十分陡峭（指公司需要快速学习如何应对这种情况）。
13、occur ☆☆☆☆
v.发生；存在；出现；有；（想法或主意）被想起
【v.发生】 In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world. 事实上，所有这些文化发展都分别于不同时间发生在世界上的许多地方。
形近词
occurrence
n.发生；出现；发生的事情，事件
【n.发生的事情，事件】 As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as senior moments". 随着大脑逐渐退化，我们将这些情形称作“老年时刻”。
形近词
incur
v.招致；带来；遭受
【拓展】 导致：trigger / entail / invite / spell
【v.招致】 We learn from Para. 1 that Gilbert's appointment has ___. [A] incurred criticism [B] raised suspicion [C] received acclaim [D] aroused curiosity 从第一段中我们了解到，吉尔伯特的任命___. [A]招来批评 [B]引起怀疑 [C]受到欢迎 [D]引发好奇
同义词
happen
v.发生；出现；碰巧
arise
v.产生；出现
14、muscle ☆☆☆☆
n.肌肉；力量；威信；实力 v.硬挤
【n.肌肉】 It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. 结果表明，大脑和我们的肌肉一样也需要锻炼，而且正确的脑力练习能显著改善我们基本的认知功能。
形近词
muscular
adj.肌肉的；影响肌肉的；肌肉结实的；强壮的
【adj.肌肉的】 Although sadness also precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. 尽管悲伤也会先于眼泪产生，但有证据表明情感可能是由肌肉反应引起的。 【precede sb. in doing 先于某人做某事
15、respect ☆☆☆☆
v.尊敬；重视；遵守；顾及 n.尊敬；尊重；方面[~s]敬意；问候
【拓展】 真正的恋人首先是亲密的朋友，这意味着，你们懂得尊重代表着什么。 True Lovers should be close friends in the very first place, which means you know what respect represents.
形近词
respected
adj.受尊敬的；受重视的；被认可的
respectable
adj. 值得尊重的；客观的，相当大的；人格高尚的
【拓展】 be respectful of 对···尊重
【adj.值得尊重的】 Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ___. [A] influential [B] modest [C] respectable [D] talented 托马西尼认为吉尔伯特是___艺术家。 [A]有影响力的 [B]谦逊的 [C]值得尊重的 [D]有才能的
形近词
respectively
adv.分别地，各自地
irrespectively
adv.无关地
词组
with respect to
关于
【拓展】 with regard / related / regarding / concerning / considering / refering to
in respect of
关于；涉及
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. 类似的情况也存在于肉食性哺乳动物以及以鱼为食的鸟类中。
同义词
esteem
v./n.尊敬；尊重；敬重
【拓展】 high-esteemed 德高望重 prestige 名望，声望 prestigious
【n.尊重】 Business-method patents lower the esteem for patent holders. 商业方法专利降低了对专利持有人的尊重。
16、analysis ☆☆☆☆
n.分析；分解
【n.分析】 The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. 目前对标准化测试的重视就是强调分析和流程，这意味着我们中很少有人会本能地使用创新和协作的思维方式。 【adhere to inherent coherent policy 一贯的政策 cohesion 凝聚力 【innovative undertaking 创业 set / build up one's own business
同义词
anatomy
[ə'nætəmi] n.解剖；剖析
【拓展】 American TV series: Grey's Anatomy ☛ I wish there were a rulebook for intimacy, some kind of a guide that could tell you when you've crossed the line. It would be nice if you could see it coming. And I don't know how you fit it on a map. You take it where you can get it, and keep it as long as you can. And as for rules….Maybe there are none. Maybe the rules of intimacy are something you have to define for yourself.
近义词
probe
n.探查；调查
• probe sth. /sb. • take a probe into / probe into = burrow into 探查
17、object ☆☆☆☆
v.反对 n.物体；目的；目标；客体；对象
【v.反对】 Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. 由于不能确定有的用户是真的反对接收行为广告还是在沿用微软的默认设置，一些商家可能不会去理会“禁止追踪”信号而继续追踪。
形近词
objection
n.反对；不喜欢；异议
【n.异议】 The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts. 唯一的主要反对意见来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚。他为可以追溯至《外国人与煽动叛乱法案》的州特权进行了强有力的辩护。 【riot 暴动 sedition 暴动，煽动叛乱
形近词
objective
adj.客观的；如实的 n.目的；目标；宾格
【adj.客观的】 ☛ Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies'marketing. 除了创收之外，其他营销者的出现还令该网站看起来比较客观，而且给公司提供了机会，可以了解关于其他公司成功营销策略的宝贵信息。 ☛ In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. 在理想化的科学研究中，有关这个世界的真相正在等待着实事求是、运用科学方法开展研究的研究者们来观察和收集。
objectivity
n.客观性； 客观
objectiveness
n.客观
The author's attitude towards standard setters is one of ___. [A] satisfaction [B] skepticism [C] objectiveness [D] sympathy 作者对规则制定者持___的态度。 [A]满意 [B]怀疑 [C]客观 [D]同情
词组
object to sth./doing sth.
反对（做）某事
18、version ☆☆☆☆
n.版本；译本；译文；说法
【n.版本】 On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default. 5月31日，微软公司率先挑起争论。微软称，在预计与Windows 8一起面世的IE10浏览器中，“禁止追踪”是默认设置。 【dismiss 忽略；解雇 pink slip 解雇通知书
形近词
diversion
n.转移注意力的行为；分流；转换器；娱乐，消遣
【拓展】 娱乐，消遣：recreation / amusement / enterainment
19、sort ☆☆☆☆
n.种类；类别 v.分类；整理
【n.种类；类别】 These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 这些群体主要依靠人际交往向年轻人灌输必要的性情；而正是这种人际交往维持着成年人对自己群体的忠诚。 【Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人成事在天。
形近词
resort
v.诉诸；采取；凭借；求助 n.胜地；手段
词组
sort sth.out
挑选出；分类；整理； 解决（问题）；理清（细节）
【解决（问题）】 Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. 就在各公司老板和董事会最终解决了其糟糕的财务和合规问题，并改善了薄弱的公司管理之际，一个新的问题——数据不安全问题——可能会给他们（尤其是在美国）招来那种不可避免地导致公司管理层受到重罚的负面头条新闻。
同义词
assort
v.把……分类
classify
v.分类；归类 [僻] 将……定为机密
20、available
adj.可用的；可获得的；有空的
【adj.可获得的】 ☛ These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. 这些音乐唱片价格便宜，在哪里都能买到，而且通常会比如今那些现场音乐会的艺术品质高很多。进一步讲，听众能自由地选择“消费”这些录音的时间和地点。 ☛ One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. 对于古典音乐演奏者而言，一个可行的应对措施就是编排还没有录制的、有吸引力的新曲目。
词组
be available to
可用于
同义词
obtainable
adj.可获得的；可取得的
【拓展】 tain = keep / catch
accessible
adj.能接近的；易得到的
【adj.易得到的】 According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? [A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. [B] They are easily accessible to the general public. [C] They help improve the quality of music. [D] They have only covered masterpieces. 根据文章内容，下列哪一项有关音乐录音的说法是正确的？ [A]它们在质量上通常比现场音乐会差。 [B]它们容易为大众所获得。 [C]它们有助于提高音乐的品质。 [D]它们只涵盖了杰出的音乐作品。
21、immigrant ☆☆☆☆
n.（外来）移民；侨民
形近词
immigration
n.移居； 移民
【n.移民】 ☛ On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. 美国联邦最高法院周一以5：3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州移民法的大部分内容。对奥巴马政府而言，这是它在政策方面取得的一次小胜。 【meddle in 介入；干涉；干预 ☛ In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. 在亚利桑那州诉美国（政府）案中，亚利桑那州提出了一项充满争议的方案，即让州警察和地方警察执行联邦移民法。该方案里有四项有争议的条款，其中三项被多数人推翻。
【n.移居】 The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 美国是两种主要力量作用的产物：一种是思想、习俗和民族特征各不相同的各欧洲民族的迁入，另一种是一个对这些特征进行改进的新国家所带来的影响。
emigrate
v.移居国外；移民
A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. 一个叫约翰·戴恩的裁缝于17世纪30年代晚期移民（到了美洲）。他留下一份文字，解释了他离开英格兰的理由，字里行间充满了神的各种旨意。
22、succeed ☆☆☆☆
v.取得成功；接替；继任；随后出现
【v.取得成功】 ☛ If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. 如果吉尔伯特和他的爱乐乐团想要成功，就必须先改变美国历史最悠久的管弦乐队（纽约爱乐乐团）与它想吸引的新观众之间的关系。 ☛ These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. 据称，这些资助人在其各自的领域都有所建树，他们想用自己的财富吸引人们关注那些在科学领域取得成功的人。
词组
be succeeded by
在……之后；被···所继承
【拓展】 ceed cess cede gress ped = walk a succession of 一些 successor 继承人，继任者（qualification) inherit 遗传；继承 heir 继承人 (kinship/lineage)
23、potential ☆☆☆☆
n.潜能；潜力 adj.潜在的；可能的
【n.潜能；潜力】 The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. 这项工作应用于医疗保健领域中，潜力是巨大的，但它也可能导致科技巨头进一步集中力量。
同义词
possible
adj.可能的；潜在的
近义词
probable
dj.可能的；大概的；很有希望的
24、partner ☆☆☆☆
n.合作者，合伙人；伙伴；配偶
【n.配偶】 But today, a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. 但是今天，家庭财产所遭受的损失再也不能通过本来赋闲在家的另一半的额外收入来弥补了。
【n.合作者，合伙人】 Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey says: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first." 光辉国际咨询顾问公司，高级合伙人丹尼斯·凯里表示：“在我所进行的每一次物色人才的过程中，每一家公司的董事会都要求我首先考虑那些在任的CEO。”
近义词
spouse
n.配偶
Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. 如今，一纸解雇通知、一个不利的诊断结果或者离散的配偶都可能在几个月内从一个稳定的中产阶层家庭沦为新贫。
25、maintain ☆☆☆☆
v.维持；保持；坚持；主张；供给；赡养
【v.保持】 Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ___. [A] prevents new habits from being formed [B] no longer emphasizes commonness [C] maintains the inherent American thinking model [D] complies with the American belief system 瑞安的评论表明，标准化测试的推行___。 [A]阻碍了新习惯的形成 [B]不再强调平庸 [C]保持了美国人固有的思维方式 [D]与美国人的信仰体系一致
形近词
retain
v.保持；保留；保存；付定金聘请（律师）
同义词
uphold
v.维持；支持
近义词
sustain
v.使持续；保持；经受；遭受
【拓展】 sustainable development 可持续发展
26、title ☆☆☆☆
n.书名；标题；头衔；称号
【拓展】 One of the greatest titles in the world is parent. 世界上最好的头衔是父母。
形近词
entitle
v.取名为；叫作；给予名称；给……权利（或资格）
【v.给……权利（或资格）】 Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. 然而这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果生物群落的稳定性取决于该群落的完整性，那么这些生物就有资格延续下去。
entitlement
n.(拥有某物或做某事的）权利；资格；政府津贴
【n.政府津贴】 Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 相反，申请者收到的是一份有时间限制的“补助”，发放条件是申请者要积极找工作；没有政府津贴，没有保险，有的只是一周71.70英镑，这在欧盟国家里算是最吝啬的了。
subtitle
n.副标题；(电影或电视上的）字幕 v.给……加副标题；给（电影等）加字幕
【拓展】 sccumb to 屈服于；服从于
27、advocate ☆☆☆☆
n.提倡者；拥护者；支持者 v.提倡；拥护；主张
【v.拥护】 Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." 甚至连在《纽约时报》上发文支持吉尔伯特任命的托马西尼都称其为“一个谦逊的音乐家，在他身上看不到指挥家那种令人敬畏的气势”。
【n.支持者】 She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. 她展现出了许多支持可持续发展的人所共有的理想主义，无论在粮食还是在能源方面。
【v.提倡；主张】 The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. 这份报告还提倡加大对外语和国际事务的研究力度，扩展留学项目的规模。 【the expansion of enrollment 扩招
28、presence ☆☆☆☆
n.出席；到场；存在；出现；（军队的）驻扎；进驻
【n.存在，出现】 Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want,but what we are." 既然与欲望相悖的思想的存在能摧毁欲望和意志，艾伦总结说：“我们所吸引的不是我们想要的，而是我们的本质。”
【n.出席；到场】 Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. 除了创收之外，其他营销者的出现还令该网站看起来比较客观，而且给公司提供了机会，可以了解关于其他公司成功营销策略的宝贵信息，并可能有助于扩大所有相关企业的用户流量。 【4G traffic fee 4G网络费用
形近词
present
adj.出席的；现在的 n.现在；礼物 v.呈现，展现；描述；出示；赠（送）
【v.呈现，展现】 ☛ How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? 你所尊敬和仰慕的人是如何展现他们自己的？ ☛ The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. 正如它在这里所呈现的，社会治疗最明显的缺陷是它不能持久地良好运行。
represent
v.代表；代理；表示；象征；描绘；表现
【v.代表】 If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants. 倘若工会主义者吉米·霍法如今在世，他很可能代表着公务员。 【公务员：civil servant / public servant
词组
in the presence of
在……在场的情况下；在……面前
29、otherwise ☆☆☆☆
conj.要不然，否则 adv.与之不同地；相反地；以其他方式；在其他方面
【adv.与之不同地】 In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. 实际上，白宫宣称它可以令其他任何它不认可的合法的州法律无效。
反义词
likewise
adv.同样地；而且
【拓展】 some people have little power to do good, and have likewise little strength to resist evil.
【拓展】 alike adv. 同上 They walk alike. = They walk in a like manner. adj. The two autos are much alike.
30、establish ☆☆☆☆
v.建立，设立；安置，使定居；确立
形近词
establishment
n.确立；制定；公司；机构
词组
well-established
adj.已为大家接受的；信誉卓著的
establish oneself in
定居于，在……落户
【拓展】 settle down in
同义词
launch
v.开展（重大活动）；发起， 发动（军事袭击等）；推出；发布；发射
【v.推出】 The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. 今年设立的“生命科学突破奖”对生命科学包括哪些内容这个问题的看法就不具有代表性。
31、enhance ☆☆☆☆
v.提高；增强
【v.提高；增强】 While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 尽管律师的评论和反应可能会提高新闻报道的质量，但是新闻记者依赖自己对重要性的理解并自己做出判断，是更可取的。
形近词
enhanced
adj.增强的；提高的；放大的
enhancement
n.增强；增加
【n.增强；增加】 The word "about-face" most probably means ___. [A] loss of good will [B]increase of hostility [C] change of attitude [D] enhancement of dignity “about-face”一词在文中的意思最有可能是___。 [A]善意的缺失 [B]敌意的增加 [C]态度的改变 [D]尊严的提升
形近词
chancellor
n.(英国的）财政大臣；（德国或奥地利的）总理
【n.（英国的）财政大臣】 In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency", George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. 为了“使生活变得更好”和减少“依赖性”，财政大臣乔治·奥斯本开始推行“预先找工作”计划。
同义词
boost
v.使增长；推动；改进；使兴旺；增强；提高
【v.增强；提高】 Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. 大笑的确能在短期内改善心脏及心血管的功能，提升心率和耗氧量。
近义词
heighten
v.(使） 加强
32、retail ☆☆☆☆
n.零售
Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends. 总体上，欧洲食品饮料批发市场的增长速度和零售市场一样缓慢。但是当两类数据合到一起时，它们掩盖了两种相反的趋势。
形近词
retailer
n.零售商
【n.零售商】 This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. 我们认为这种趋势目前尚处于初级阶段，它实际上始于零售商和诸如航空公司、酒店等旅游供应商，而且无疑将会得到进一步发展。
形近词
entail
v.使……必然发生；势必造成；使……成为必需
【v.使……成为必需】 Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. “刻意练习”需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。
【拓展】 Shrek: Ever After Why does being your best friend entail me doing everything I don't want to do?
33、let ☆☆☆☆
v.允许，听任；假设；出租，租给；任由，让
【v.让】 A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. 混乱的商业环境也使得高层管理者小心行事，以免让含糊的声明损毁自己的声誉。
形近词
outlet
n.出口；（情感的）发泄途径 [僻] 经销店；专卖店
词组
let alone
不管；更不必说
【更不必说】 While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. 虽然极少有工匠或农民（更不必说靠他们养活的家人及仆人）给我们留下一些文学作品以供分析，但显然他们的观点并不具有太多的知识性。他们的思想中往往有一种传统的迷信色彩。
let out
放出，释放；发出；结束
【拓展】 lest 唯恐
34、religion ☆☆☆☆
n.宗教；信仰
【n.宗教】 Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. 人类在如下方面的能力是独一无二的：不仅能够制造工具，而且会反过来使用这些工具创造额外的物质产品，比如绘画、雕塑和建筑；他们还能创造额外的精神体验，比如音乐、文学、宗教和哲学。
形近词
religious
adj.宗教的；虔诚的；宗教信仰坚定的 n.修道士；尼姑
【拓展】 nun 尼姑 monk 和尚 admonish 劝诫，告诫
35、indicate ☆☆☆☆
v.指出；指示；表明；暗示
【v.指出；表明】 The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ___. [A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers [B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing [C] may be responsible for fiercer competition [D] deserve all the negative comments about them 作者在第三段指出，赢得媒体___。 [A]会引发与狂热消费者之间的持续冲突 [B]可以用于在营销中制造负面影响 [C]可能会造成更激烈的竞争 [D]应受到所有对其的负面评论
36、parallel ☆☆☆☆
n.平行线；平行面；类似；相似物；对比；纬线 adj.平行的；并联的；相同的；类似的 [僻] 与……同时发生的
【adj.类似的】 On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 另一方面，它（法律）以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来——这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时所建立的联系相类似。
【adj.平行的】 Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. 亚利桑那州已经企图制定与现行的联邦法律并驾齐驱的州法律。
形近词
unparalleled
adj.无比的；空前的；绝无仅有的
形近词
parachute
n.降落伞 v.空投；（使）空降；（使）跳伞
【拓展】 para- ① 不可分割的部分 paragraph 段落 telegraph 电报 ② 偏 paralyze 瘫痪 paralysis 瘫痪
37、global ☆☆☆☆
adj.全球的；全世界的；全面的；整体的；总括的
【adj.全球的；全世界的】 Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. 日本过去是汽车装配生产的全球领导者，现在依旧是。
38、circumstance ☆☆☆☆
n.情况；形势；环境
【拓展】 surroundings (自然和地理）环境 circumstance 可指具体的和抽象的环境
【n.环境】 Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him." 艾伦的书之所以出名，部分是因为其观点：环境并不能造就人，却能揭示一个人。
【拓展】 The Gabe Dixon Band – All Will Be Well All will be well. You can ask me how but only time will tell.
词组
under the circumstances = in the circumstances
在这种情况下
39、secure ☆☆☆☆
v.得到某物；获得；防护；保卫 adj.安全的；可靠的；放心的；稳固的；稳定的
【adj.稳固的；稳定的】 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 在过去一代人的时间里，原本可以依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争来维持稳定收入的美国中产阶级家庭，已经被经济风险和新的现实彻底改变。
【v.得到某物；获得】 What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? [A] A desire to secure a better life for all. [B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed. [C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. [D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 什么促使财政大臣制定他的这个方案？ [A]期望所有人都能过上更好的生活。 [B]渴望保护失业人员。 [C]极力主张慷慨对待领取救济金者。 [D]热衷于确保对纳税人的公平。 【impromptu 即兴表演
【拓展】 "I'm selfish, impatient and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am out of control and at times hard to handle. But if you can't handle me at my worst, then you sure as hell don't deserve me at my best." - Marilyn Monroe
同义词
safeguard
v.保护；保卫；维护
【v.保护】 Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ___. [A] retain people's interest in liberal education [B] define the government's role in education [C] keep a leading position in liberal education [D] safeguard individuals' rights to education 国会中有影响力的人物要求美国人文与科学院就如何___做出报告。 [A]保持人们对于人文教育的兴趣 [B]定义政府在教育中的角色 [C]在人文教育中保持领先地位 [D]保护个人接受教育的权利
shield
v.保护；掩护；庇护
【拓展】 lance 长矛 freelance 自由职业者 expertise 专长
40、immediate ☆☆☆☆
adj.立即的，即时的；直接的；最接近的；目前的，当前的
【adj.目前的，当前的】 Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. 或许我们总是觉得，思考如此长的时间跨度（指遥远的未来）比思考近期的未来可能更为容易。
形近词
immediately
adv. 立即, 立刻；直接地 conj.一……就……
同义词
instant
adj.立即的；速溶的
【拓展】 instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodle 方便面 instant gratification 即刻满足 delayed gratification 延迟满足
41、payment ☆☆☆☆
n.付款；支付；支付的款项；付款额
【拓展】 merit pay 绩效工资
【n.付款】 The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. 英国福利制度的原则已经不再是为防失业风险而给自己投保，从而在灾难发生时无条件地领取救济金了。
42、threaten ☆☆☆☆
v.威胁；恐吓；预示
【v.威胁】 ☛ When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. 当其中一类没有经济价值的物种受到威胁时，如果我们碰巧喜爱它，我们就会编一些借口使其具有经济上的重要性。 ☛ But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. 但是，我们现在拥有足够的知识，来减少威胁早期人类生存的诸多危险，并改善后人的命运。
43、upset ☆☆☆☆
v.弄翻；打翻；推翻；打乱；搅乱；使心烦意乱 n.颠覆；翻倒；悲伤；担忧；生气；（肠胃）不舒服 adj.苦恼的，心烦的
【v.使心烦意乱】 Which of the following is true of the OECD report? [A] It criticizes government-funded research. [B] It introduces an effective means of publication. [C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers. [D] It benefits scientific research considerably. 关于经济合作与发展组织的报告，下面哪个选项是正确的？ [A]它批评政府投资的研究。 [B]它介绍了一种有效的出版方式。 [C]它让盈利的期刊出版商心烦意乱。 [D]它让科学研究受益匪浅。
【v.打乱；搅乱】 But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. 但是在宪法这个更为重要的问题上，最高法院以8：0的一致表决使企图打破联邦政府与各州间权力平衡的奥巴马政府完败。
形近词
upsetting
adj.令人心烦意乱的；令人苦恼的
同义词
disturbance
n.打扰；骚乱
44、instance ☆☆☆☆
n.例子；事例；实例
形近词
instantly
adv.立刻，马上
【adv.立刻，马上】 European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. 欧洲各国部长立刻要求国际会计准则委员会照做。
instantaneously
adv. 立刻地；突如其来地
词组
for instance
例如；譬如
【拓展】 instant gratification 即刻满足 delayed gratification 延迟满足 Haste makes mistakes. 欲速则不达 Procrastination 拖延症 slowness as a consequence of not getting around to it causes：1. laziness 2. fear of failure 3.perfectionism
45、gene ☆☆☆☆
n.基因
形近词
genetic
n. [医] 遗传学 adj.遗传的；基因的；遗传学的
【adj.遗传的；基因的】 PTK is used to ____. [A] locate one's birth place [B] promote genetic research [C] identify parent-child kinship [D] choose children for adoption 亲子鉴定工具包被用来___。 [A]确定某人的出生地 [B]促进基因的研究 [C]鉴定亲子关系 [D]选择领养的孩子
genealogist
n.系谱学者，系谱专家
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and family can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots. 基因检测中最受欢迎的有父子关系和亲属关系鉴定——被收养的孩子可以通过它找到自己的血亲，而家庭也能通过它来追踪被收养的孩子。DNA检测最近也得到了许多热情的系谱学者的推崇，同时也为那些提供寻根服务的公司提供了技术支持。
形近词
generate
v.造成；引起；导致；产生（能量）；发（电）
【v.引起】 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. 在全世界，律师所招致的敌意比任何其他的职业都多——新闻业可能除外。
46、threat ☆☆☆☆
n.威胁；恐吓；凶兆
【n.威胁】 Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." 查一下国际自然保护联盟濒危物种“红色名录”上的“智人”这一词条，你会看到：“被列为‘无危物种’，因为该物种分布非常广泛，适应性强，目前数量正在增加，尚无导致其数量总体下降的重大威胁。”
同义词
menace
n.威胁；恐吓
【拓展】 Ace in the pocket. 杀手锏；王牌
47、reject ☆☆☆☆
v.拒绝考虑；不接受；不同意；抛弃；不录取 [僻] n.被拒者：次品
【v.不接受】 The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 实质上，（美国）政府是在表明，由于它不想实现国会在移民方面的期望，任何州也都不应被允许这么做。每位法官都正当地驳回了这一异乎寻常的主张。
形近词
rejection
n. 拒绝
同义词
decline
v.拒绝；谢绝
refuse
v.拒绝；回绝
同义词
discard
v.丢弃；抛弃
48、introduce ☆☆☆☆
v.引进；提出；采用；推行；引用
【v.提出】 American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. 19世纪末，美国社会科学家路易斯·亨利·摩根提出了另一个文化进化论。
形近词
introductory
adj.引言的；导论的；介绍性的
【adj.引言的；导论的】 After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. 在清晰、完整地写完论文的主体部分后，你要特别注意论文的引言段和结尾段。
同义词
launch
v.开展（重大活动）；发起，发动（军事袭击等）；推出；发布；发射
【拓展】 take off
近义词
initiate
v.开始；发起
【拓展】 initiative 主动性 take initiative in doing 主动做某事
49、meet ☆☆☆☆
v.遇见，会见；会谈；经历；遭到；满足
【v.满足】 To which of the following would the author most probably agree? [A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers'laziness. [B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment. [C] The jobseekers'allowance has met their actual needs. [D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional. 作者最有可能认同下面哪一项说法？ [A]英国的福利制度助长了求职者的懒惰。 [B]奥斯本的改革将降低失业风险。 [C]求职者津贴满足了他们的实际需求。 [D]失业救济金不应有附加条件。 【be indulged in / indulge oneself in 陷在····里
近义词
assemble
v.（使）集合；（使）聚集；（使）集会
congregate
v.聚集；集合
【拓展】 gregarious 群居的 aggregate 集合，聚集
50、indeed ☆☆☆☆
adv.实际上；确实，实在；真正地；多么
【adv.确实，实在】 The U.S. $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. 正如亚历山大·波利亚科夫3月份接受基础物理学奖本年度的奖项时所言，奖金为300万美元的这个奖项的确是一个有趣的尝试。
同义词
certainly
adv.确定地；当然地
definitely
adv.明确地；确切地
51、comprehension ☆☆☆☆
n.理解；领悟
形近词
comprehensive
adj. 全面的；综合性的；能充分理解的；广泛的 [僻] n.（英国的公立性）综合中学
【adj.综合性的】 The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR progralrunes tended to get more lenient penalties. 研究发现，在被起诉的公司中，那些具有最为全面的社会责任计划的公司往往易于得到更为宽容的处罚。 【execution 极刑 death penalty 死刑 life sentence 无期徒刑 【lenient 温和的，缓和的 contact lens 隐形眼镜
【adj.全面的】 A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. 智能手机中可能包含被捕者的浏览记录、财务记录、病史记录和近期通信的全部记录。
词组
beyond one's comprehension
不可理解
52、approach ☆☆☆☆
v.靠近；接近；临近 n.方法；途径
【n.方法；途径】 Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. 历史特殊论成为美国人类学研究中文化研究的主要方法，这在很大程度上是受到了博厄斯众多学生的影响。 【dominate 统治 domestic violence 家暴 domesticate 驯服；驯养 domesticate a lion
词组
access to
接近；有权使用；通向……的人口
【拓展】 give sb. easy access to prepare for make an adequate preparation for devote / dedicate oneself to make full dedication to liberty
come up to
达到；等于
get close to
靠近；接近
53、scale ☆☆☆☆
n.规模；比例（尺）；鱼鳞；级别；数值 v.测量；攀登；刮去……的鳞片
54、code ☆☆☆☆
n.行为准则；规则；代码；代号；密码；法典；法规
【n.行为准则；规则】 At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. 至少，法院应该遵守适用于联邦司法系统其他部门的行为准则。
形近词
encode
v.（将文字材料）译成密码； 编码；编制成计算机语言
【v.编码】 And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 埃里克森确信，一种被称为“刻意练习”的过程是学习如何有意义地编码信息的最佳方法。 【make an arrangement 作出安排
词组
moral code
道德准则
55、wonder ☆☆☆☆
v.诧异；奇怪；纳闷；想知道 n.惊奇；惊异；奇迹；奇事
【v.想知道】 Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 有关动物智力的研究总会让我好奇人类究竟有多聪明。
【n.惊奇】 In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? 在一个如此坚持赞美生育的社会中，承认自己后悔生小孩就相当于承认自己支持杀害小猫一样，这有什么奇怪的吗？
形近词
wonderful
adj.奇妙的；极好的
词组
no wonder
难怪；怪不得
56、conduct ☆☆☆☆
v.引导，带领；处理；实施；管理； 传导（热、电等）；指挥（军队、乐队等） n.行为；举动；指导，引导；实施方法
【n.行为】 At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. 至少，法院应该遵守适用于联邦司法系统其他部门的行为准则。 【juvenile a.n.青少年
【v. 引导】 Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. 你的写作提纲应该指引你从一个论点顺利地过渡到下一个论点，但不能让它束缚你的思路。
形近词
semiconductor
n.半导体
【拓展】 semi- （时间上） semi-final 半决赛 hemi- （形状上） hemisphere 半球
conductive
adj.传导性的；传导的；有传导力的
conductor
n.(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长； （管弦乐队或合唱团的）指挥；导体
【n.（管弦乐队或合唱团的）指挥】 Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." 甚至连在《纽约时报》上发文支持吉尔伯特任命的托马西尼都称其为“一个谦逊的音乐家，在他身上看不到指挥家那种令人敬畏的气势”。
近义词
behavior
n.行为；举止；（科学领域中的）运动方式； 活动方式；性能；特点
【n.行为；举止】 This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. 这是同辈压力一种微妙的表现形式：我们无意识地模仿我们每天所看到的行为。
近义词
steer
v.驾驶（车、船、飞机等）；引导； 指导（某人采取某种行动或态度）
【v. 引导】 Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. 然而，专家和官员如何成功找出需要协助的人群并引导他们的行为向好的方向发展，这点更加难以确定。
57、figure ☆☆☆☆
v.算出；估计；推测 n.体形；数字；图形；人物
【n.人物】 Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. 委员会的51位成员中，有顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官、公司高管以及来自外交、电影制作、音乐和新闻领域的杰出人物。 【prestige 威望；声望 prestigious eminant 杰出的
词组
figure out
弄清楚
58、grant ☆☆☆☆
v.给予；授予；同意；准予 n.补助金；拨款
【n.拨款】 The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. 学术研究公共资金投入的增长加快了这一进程：联邦政府的研究拨款在1960至1990年间增长了四倍，但教员却花费了太多时间做研究，致使教学时间减少了一半。 【take toll of ···· = deprive sb. of sth. / be deprived of 夺取 seize 抓住；夺取
【v.给予】 At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors. 一看，这或许像是一种优势：赋予了人们做出不受外界因素影响的决定的能力。 【give sb. a dirty glance 瞪某人一眼 【external internal inherent = innate 内在的，天生的 exotic 异域的
形近词
immigrant
n.移民；侨民 adj.移民的；迁入的
【拓展】 migrant n./a. migrate v.迁移 emigrant
词组
take ... for granted
想当然；认为理所当然
【拓展】 take a bow 鞠躬；谢幕
59、lack ☆☆☆☆
n.缺乏；不足；缺少的东西 v.缺乏；缺少
【v.缺乏】 It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. 这（指仅靠商业模式运营的资源保护系统）往往会忽视陆地群落中许多虽缺少商业价值却对其健康运行至关重要的物种，最终使其灭绝。
形近词
blackened
adj.变黑的；被损坏的
形近词
slack
n.煤末；[～s]长裤 adj.松弛的；疏忽的 v.放松；使缓慢；松懈；懈怠
slacken
v.（使）缓慢；（使）松懈；（使）松弛
【v.（使）松懈；（使）松弛】 Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then slackening off. 无论什么情况下，工人在一周的前几天往往会比较勤奋，然后达到一个稳定期，最后松懈下来。 【wither 凋谢
60、contribute ☆☆☆☆
v.有助于；贡献；捐助；捐献；投稿 [僻] 提出
【拓展】 tribute n.献礼；礼品；赞美 pay tribute to = praise / value 推崇，赞美 compliment（礼貌性的赞美；恭维） complimentary ticket 优待券；赠票 complementary 互补的 complementary coastline plate drfit
【v.有助于】 But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 但想来让人觉得很有趣：我们每周（在杂志封面上）看到的那些无忧无虑、越来越幸福的为人父母形象，难道不是正在无形中轻微地加剧我们对现实生活的不满吗？这种方式就好像我们当中一小部分人曾经希望剪个和瑞秋（《老友记》中的单亲妈妈）一样的发型，好让自己看上去有点儿像詹妮弗·安妮斯顿（瑞秋的扮演者）。
形近词
contributing
adj.贡献的；起作用的
contribution
n.捐助；贡献；捐助之物 [僻] 作用
【n.贡献】 Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter" [B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter" [C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education [D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education 以下哪一个最适合做本文的标题？ [A]理解《问题的核心》的方法 [B]非人文教育与《问题的核心》 [C]美国人文与科学院对人文教育的贡献 [D]进步的政策与人文教育
词组
contribute to
有助于；捐助；贡献
【拓展】 trigger entail
lead to
导致；把……带到
give rise to
引起；导致；造成
61、recognize ☆☆☆☆
v.认出；识别；承认，认识到
【v.承认，认识到】 Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should ___. [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers' experiences [C] tay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 罗森伯格认为公共健康倡导者应该 [A]招募职业广告人 [B]学习广告人的经验 [C]远离商业广告人 [D]认识到广告的局限
形近词
unrecognized
adj.未被认识的；未被承认的；未被认定的
【adj.未被认识的】 The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality. 但是，体育中的这种趋势也许掩盖了一个未被认识的事实。
recognition
n. 认识； 识别；承认；接受；赞赏；认可
【n.认可】 Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it ___. [A] has attracted the attention of the general public [B] has been examined by the scientific community [C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers [D] has been frequently quoted by peer scientists 第三段表明，一项发现声明在___之后变得可信。 [A]吸引了普通大众的注意力 [B]经过科学界的检验 [C]获得编辑和评论家的认可 [D]被同行科学家频繁地引用
62、content ☆☆☆☆
v.使满足 n.容量；含量；（教育项目或课程的）内容；满足；满意 adj.满足的；满意的
【n.满意】 Even if a job's starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. 即便一份工作的起薪似乎太少，难以让一个刚刚成年的人立即满意，但是如果准成年人对这一变化做好准备，那从学校到工作的过渡可能就不会遇到太多的挫折。
【n.（教育项目或课程的）内容】 The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. 该委员会忽视的是，几十年来，美国的学院和大学培养的毕业生并不知道人文教育的内容和特色，因此也没有从中受益。
【拓展】 True happiness comes when we learn to be content with what we have. 对··满意
形近词
contention
n.争吵；争执； （争论或讨论时的）看法，观点
【n.（争论或讨论时的）看法，观点】 Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” 艾伦的书之所以出名，部分是因为其观点：环境并不能造就人，却能揭示一个人。
形近词
discontent
n.不满；不满意 v.使……不满
形近词
self-contented
adj.自满的；沾沾自喜的