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英语语法大全
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编辑于2021-01-08 18:40:11- 相似推荐
- 大纲
英语基础语法大全
基本原则
1.一个句子有且只有一套主谓
2.所有的高级语法都是建立在第一原则的基础上增加第二套，第三套主谓或动词
独立句型
1.主系表——系动词
be动词——am,is,are---I am a shy boy
感官动词——feel.taste.look.sound,seem,smell
变得类——get,become,come,turn,
表状态——continue，remain,keep,stay
2.主谓型
主谓——加不及物动词，加介词短语——she died.
主谓宾——及物动词，直接加宾语——I hit you
主谓双宾——直接宾语和间接宾语——give sth for sb
主谓宾补——补语——宾语补足语——you can leave the door open
概要
3.特殊句型
there be 句型
强调句
it的形式主语
句子的类型
1.简单句
2.并列句——表明两个句子的关系——and,or,but,
自由主题
3.复合句
名词性从句
本质：用三种句子代替句子中的4种成分
4种成分——主语，宾语，同位语，表语
句子三种类型
陈述句—— the book is interesting ——在扮演句子中4种成分时，全部在从句开头加that(指示牌）
1.it is an understand fact
2.English is important
1.that English is important is an understand fact
1.I have learned that thing.
2.love,not time heals all wounds
2.I have learned that love not time heals all wounds.
1,my idea is that
2.the child should be sent to school
3 .my idea is that the child should be sent to school.
1.the fact pleased everybody
2.he succeeded in the experiment
4.the fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
从句在主句中充当什么成分就在主句中去掉谁
一般疑问句（把动词提前)---is the book interesting?
一般疑问句先变成陈述句语序
在从句开头加weather(指路牌，是否的意思)
e.g
Does he come?
it makes no difference to me
Weather he comes makes no difference to me.
特殊疑问句（对句子中某一成分提问）
How is the book?
1.把特殊疑问句变为陈述句语序，同时疑问词位置不变(有助动词直接去掉）
2.从句充当什么成分就在主句上去掉谁
3.把变形好的特殊疑问句按上去
e.g
1.how many letters are there in the english alphabet?
2.i don't know
i don't know how many letters there are in the English alphabet.
what is the interesting?
定语从句
作用：为先行词补充信息
先行词
名词，名词短语，从句，完整的句子
先行词的位置
左二右六：限定词+形容词+中心词 介词短语，不定式短语，定语从句，同位语从句。分词。形容词
先行词+其他短语+从句
先行词（宾语）+状语+从句
先行词（主语）+谓语+从句
概要
高频关系词
作用—指代先行词，连接，做从句中做成分
关系代词
在从句中做主语，宾语（动词后，介词后），表语
who
只能指代人
主语，表语
作宾语
不能紧挨着介词
the women is a famous dancer and she lives next door
The women who lives next door is a famous daner.
whom
只能指代人
作宾语，表语
不能做主语
I really like these friends with whom you can share almost evevything.
which
指代所有不是人的
表示物的明词，名词短语，从句和完整的句子
注意：非限制定语从句，加逗号
Tom was late,which surprised me.
whose
可指代人，也可以指代物
表所属关系
=his.her,my,our,its,their.your
后面必须加名词
I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer
that
既指代人，也可以指代物
只能用that
先行词既指人，又指物
the writer and his novels that the article deals with was familiar to us.
all，little，few，much,none,the first,something,anything,nothing,为先行词
all that glitters is noy good.
不能用that
1.非限制定语从句
he has a son,who is a teacher
2。介词后不能用
The world in which we live is made up of matter.
关系副词
在从句中作状语
地点状语
where
this is the town where i spent childhood
时间状语
when
i'll never forget the day when i meet you.
原因状语
why
this is the reason why i came here.
介词+which替代
介词+关系词不等于关系副词
有介词，且介词必须谓语前面
介词+关系词
看从句，选介词
子主题 2
子主题 3
子主题 4
子主题 5
特殊关系词
AS
可引导非限制性定语从句，as指代一个句子，位于句首，句中，句尾。
she is very carefully,as her work shows.
As is so often pointed out,knowledge is a two edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
可引导限制性定语从句
as——先行词必须被as,the same,such修饰
such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
than
=that+先行词（比较级后的词）+that
don't give him more money than(than money that) is needed.
but
=that+先行词+not
there is no man but (that ....not) errs
缩合关系词
what
缩合关系代词
=the thing that
原则
1.what前面不能有先行词
2.what后面没有名词
she is not what （the one that定语从句）she used to be
what+名词=all +名词+that
注意
1.what+little+名词=all +little+名词
形容词跟着名词走
After sharing what little food（all little food that ）they had。old couple let the two angles sleep in their bed。
where
when
how
why
状语从句
用逻辑关系词表明多个句子之间的联系
分类
原因状语从句
‘我真不知道型’
because why提问只能用because回答，perhaps只能修饰because
I was angry because I played so badly。
because引导的状语从句的主句是否定时，否定转移
I don't love a woman because she‘s beautiful。’
because of,
due to
owing to
用法和because一样，只能加名词。不能加句子
we had an accident due to his careless
owing to his careless,we had an accident
原因都知道
since
as
既然，反正
since we don't have class tomorrow ,why not go out for a picnic?
given that
seeing that
considering that
now that
=since
they did the job very well given that/seeing that /considering that/now that they had no experience.
解释原因
for
it rained last night for the ground is wet this morning。
前面做比较，给根据
in that
english has an advantage over most of other languages in that it has become an international language.
不是，，，而是，，
not taht .....but that.
i haven't finished reading the report yet not that i'm lazy but that i have no time.
目的状语从句
高频连词（肯定） 主句往往出现情态动词
so taht
i am going to leave the party early so that i could go to bed early.
简化：so as to do
i am going to leave the party early so as to go to bed early.(主从句主语一致）
in order that
tom brought his umbrella in order that he could be sure he didn't get wet
简化：in order to do
Tom brought his umbrella in order to be sure he didn't get wet.(主句从句主语一致）
I spoke slowly and clearly in order for the audience to understand me（主语不一致）in order for sb to do。
that
i turn on the TV that i could listen to the news
简化:to do
i turned on the TV to listen to the news.
否定连词lest/for fear that/in case
in order that/so that/that+not,表示以防，防止，从句中经常出现should，不翻译成应该，should 经常被省略。后面的动词变为现在时
take the umbrella with you lest it (should) rain.
其他连词 on(for) purpose that/to the end that /in the hope that
the teacher raises his voise on(for) purpose that /to the end that /in the hope that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
结果状语从句
高频连词
so ...that ...
he was so foolish that he believed him.
he is so patient a teacher that everyone likes him
the neighbors were making so much noise last night that i didn't sleep a wink
so that 一般有逗号，从句很少出现情态动词
Native american languages are indeed different ,so that Navajo was used as code during world war to send secred messages.
such..that...
he was such a fool that he believed him,
her voice was such as to make everyone stare.
倒装 强调，such...that.../so..that ..
Such a fool was he that he believes her.
so fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
特殊连词to the degree that/to the extend that
the bereaved mother was grievd to the degree(that)she couldn't eat anything for three days
条件状语从句
if/suppose(that)/supposing(that)/providing/provide(that)on condition that 如果，假如，倘若
i will come to see you if/suppose(that)provide that/on condition that i have time.
unless=if not除非
you will be late unless you leave immediately.
as long as /so long as /if only 只要
he can continue to support himself and his family as long as /so long as /if only he produces a surplus.
have to /must do ...if ..is (be）to do。 要想。。。就必须。。
if it doesn't rain the next few weeks ,the crops will have to (must）be watered if they are to survive.
让步状语从句
尽管
though/although 是连词，后面必须是句子 但是有时候后面的句子会省略主谓，所以后面可以加省略后的形容词或分词
although he tried hard，he failed。
though tried，he wouldn't stop working。
despite/in spite of/for all 介词，表尽管，后面加名词及名词性质的短语，what从句。动名词，后面不能加句子
Despite what he achieve in medicine,he remained modest.
in spite of his inexperience,hedid a very good job
for all our kindnessto help her ,she refused to listen to us
while 置于句首时，可以表示 尽管
while pain is inevitable ，suffering is optional。
被强调的部分（形容词，分词，名词，动词，副词）+as+主谓（助动词）
Fail as i did ,i would never stop trying
as/so +形容词，副词+as。一般放在句子开头
as（so）much as john hates to do it,he must stay at home and study tonight.
无论
（who when what where how which)+ever=no matter+(........)
1。明确主句从句作为独立句子的意思 2.符合逻辑的连接两个句子 3.在上述逻辑中选择适合的连词
whatever(no matter what)they liked,the children were allowed to do.
Try as he will,no man can completely forget his first love,no matter who she (might)be
whether....or...
出现两种或两种以上的选择时
All substances, whether they may be a gaseous,liquid or solid,are made up if atoms.
All substances,be they gaseous,liquid or solid,are made up if atoms.(句首用be ，表示“无论如何”
即使
even if/even though 连词，后面加句子
I can understant your point of view enen though/even if i disagree with it.
比较状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
时间状语从句
动词本身决定句子框架