导图社区 教师招聘英语学科知识第一章之英语交际用语
此脑图根据超格教师招聘英语学科知识的讲义和网课视频整理,内容是第一章节语法梳理的交际用语部分内容,希望对大家能有帮助!
编辑于2023-12-24 16:54:35教师招聘 英语学科知识
第一章 语法梳理
第三节 英语交际用语
一 交际用语中容易混淆的词语
1
It's a/ my pleasure.
”这是我的荣幸/不客气”,用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。 (= My pleasure.)
With pleasure.
“我很乐意(帮你) " 。表示同意对方的请求,并且自已将付出行动。
2
Help yourself.
“自便!/自己来吧" 。表示同意对方的请求,但让对方行动。
Yes, please.
“请!"表示允许对方做请求之事。
Go ahead.
请…... " 。表示同意并鼓恩对方去做请求之事。
3
Good luck.
“祝你好运' , 是当对方参加某项活动,如考试、比赛等时,向对方表示的祝福语。
Congratulations!
当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语。
Have fun!
“玩得开心点!”表示允许对方去“吃喝玩乐”。
Best wishes.
一般用于信的结尾处表示对对方的祝愿。
4
What's (going) on?
“怎么了?这里发生什么事了? “/“有什么节目?上演什么电影?”(询问情况)
What's for?
表目的和用途,一般翻译成“为了什么?用来做什么?干嘛?”。
What's up?
“怎么了?” “有什么事吗? “What's up? 口语中使用广泛,如有人叫住你或登门访问,而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“what's up?" (有什么事?有何贵干?)年轻人也常用“what's up?” 来打招呼。
So what?
“那又怎么样的?” (表示出“无所谓'的样子)
How come?
“怎么回事?怎么搞的?为什么?怎么会这样?“通常用在你觉得奇 怪而问为什么的时候。当你不愿回答别人的某个问题时也可说“How come? "意思是“Why do you ask that? It's none of your business" 。
What is …like?
“情况怎样",多指天气或气候。/ “像什么样,什么模样,怎样的"指人或事物。"
How is … like?
就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物,如暂时的情况,情绪等, 还常用来问候别人的健康。
What… look like? "
……外表如何?” (问外表长相)
5
Not at all.
(1) 用于回答感谢,意为“不用谢;不客气”。
(2) 用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什么;哪里哪里” 。
(3) 用于回答道歉,意为“没关系” 。
(4) 用来表示否定(是No 的加强说法),意为“一点也不:完全不"。
Never mind.
“没有关系,不要记在心上"。用于接答歉意。但用Never mind.作答时有时可表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。
Don'·t mention it.
用来回答感谢和道歉, “别客气' “没关系” 。
Forget it!
(1)“ 不必在意” “算了吧,忘了吧“用来接受别人做错事的道歉。
(2) “算了吧,想都别想“用来拒绝对方你认为不合理的请求、建议等
6
All right.
用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请,译为“好” "行 " ”可以"。也可用于对别人的安慰,表示“没关系” “不要紧”等意思。
That's all right.
(1) 对别人致谢的回答, “不用谢;别客气” =That's OK./ Not at all./You're welcome. 等。
(2) 对别人致歉时的回答, “没关系;不介意”=It doesn't matter.或Never mind.
(3) 在海关、哨卡等场所,检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后,发现无可疑情况,常说That's all right,其含义是“可以;没有问题” 。
That's right.
“正确;对“,用于表示对某一事物的肯定,即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中,可直接用right 作答。
7
Take it easy.
"慢点、放松些、沉住气,别紧张,慢慢来”表示安慰对方”不要过度紧张
Take your time.
“别着急,慢慢来”,表示允许对方"慢慢做,不用着急啊' 。
8
That's something.
“太好了,太棒了",表”当你的朋友在某方面取得成功或成就时,向他表祝贺" 。
That's the case.
“情况就是这样",相当于Exactly:“ 正是如此“ 。
9
Mind your own business!
“别管闲事!” (用来警告对方)
It's none of your business.
“不关你事!”
二 高频交际用语
(一)告别
考点: See you. Take care.
难点: “See you" 道别时用语,同Good-bye , 但是有别于You see“ 你知道” 。Take care 也是道别时用语,但表示“多保重"
—It's getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now. -OK. See you.
(二)介绍
考点: Nice/ Pleased/ Glad to see /meet you. Nice meeting you
难点: “Nice to meet you." 为初次见面时的礼貌用语; “Nice meeting you . " 为初次见面后的告别语。
(三)感谢和应答
感谢: Thank you. Thanks. It's very kind /nice of you.
回答: Not at all. It's/ That's all right. You're welcome. It's a pleasure. My pleasure. That's OK.Don't mention it.
难点“My pleasure" 同“It's a pleasure" 是感谢应答语译作“不用谢" ;而“With pleasure"是请求应答语译作“乐意效劳,非常愿意”。
—Thank you for coming to see me. 一It's a pleasure. 不客气。
-Could help me for a minute? -With pleasure. 很高兴为你效劳。
(四)道歉,遗憾和应答
道歉: What a pity/ shame. I'm sorry.
应答: It's /That's all right. It doesn't matter. Never mind. Forget it. That's OK.
难点: “Forget it" 共有三种意义:
休想,不可能。一You expect Tom to come earlier. —Forget it, he always comes late.
没关系,别在意。—I'm terribly sorry for having broken your mirror. -Forget it.
别提它了,表不愿重复所说之话。-What were you say,ing J ust now? I didn't hear. —Oh,nothing, forget it.
(五)请求,允许,和应答
请求: May /Can /Could I…?Would/Do You mind....?
肯定回答:
Yes/Sure/Certainly. Yes, please.
Of course (not), you may/can. Take your time. Yes, help yourself. Go ahead, please. Not at all.
That's OK /all right. Not in the least. Not a bit.
否定回答: I'd rather you didn't.. You'd better not. I'm sorry you can't. Of course not.
难点:
“Take it easy", 安慰对方不要生气、紧张不安,即to tell someone to become less upset or angry;
"Take your time", 同“no hurry", 安慰对方不要急,慢慢来,即to do something slowly without hurrying;
"Sure, go ahead", 当然可以,干吧、做吧、说吧等,即to tell somebody they can do something;
"Yes, help yourself" ,同意对方使用,让对方自己动手取,英语解释为take something you want by yourself;
"Not in the least", 一点也不。如:—I hope you don't mind my turning on the radio. —Not in the least.
(六)祝愿,祝贺和应答
祝愿: Good luck! Enjoy yourself! Have fun! Congratulations.
应答: Thank you. The same to you. You, too.
难点: Have fun! 祝愿对方玩得开心,同Enjoy yourself。Well done! 干得好,真棒!用以赞扬对方做得好。Congratulations !祝贺对方巳取得成功。Good luck!祝愿对方交好运,反语为:Bad luck! 或Just my luck!
(七)打电话
考点: Is that... speaking? Hold on, please. Just a minute, please. Hello, who is it /that (speaking) ?Hello, this is... speaking.
难点:熟练掌握打电话用语,指对方时用指示代词that/it; 指说话者本人时用指示代词 this 打电话用语还在Are you there?你还在接听吗? Suppose you ring me up.你给我打电话好吗?
(八)就餐
考点: Help yourself to some... I'm full, thank you. Just a little, please. Yes, I'd like a drink. Yes,sir?
难点: “Yes, sir?" 是应答语,用于应答呼唤或表示在关注倾听对方,不必作出回答,可译作语气词“哎",而“What?'" 则表对方介绍一种情况,说话者觉得难以置信,希望对方重复部分内容,译作“什么?” 。
(九)提醒注意
考点: Mind your step / head! Wet floor! Look out! Be careful! Don't touch! Take care!
难点: “Look out!“警告对方有危险,英语解释为warn somebody they are in danger; "Takecare" 警告对方做事要小心,英语解释为warn somebody to do something carefully, 还可作道别时用语,译为“请多保重" 。与look 相关的交际用语还有: Just have a look“ 随便看看”;Look what you've done!“看看你干了些什么!”
(十)请求和应答
请求: Can/Could/ Would you please…?
应答: No/ Less noise, please. What for?
难点:与what 相关的交际应语:
“what for?" 相当于“why?" 表示“为什么”,还可表示“为何",即for what purpose ;
"Guess what!" “你猜猜发生了什么事?“用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前;
"What's up?" 表示“What's happening?'" , 译作“有什么事?”
"So what?" 表示“是·…又怎么样”, “那有什么了不起“, ”与我有什么关系”
what' s wrong 表示焦虑.
"What a shame!" 表遗憾
(十一)同意和不同意
同意: Certainly / Sure / Of course / Exactly. No problem. Yes, please. Yes, I think so. All right /OK. It's a good idea. Sounds good. I couldn't agree more. I will. With pleasure. Sure, go ahead. Yes, help yourself. I dare say. I should think so. If you like, Why not? So it is.
不同竟: No. I don't think so. I'm afraid not. No way. Far from it. Forget it. No chance.
难点: Noway.没门儿; No chance.绝不可能,即说话者确信某事不可能发生; I couldn't agree more. 我非常赞成或我再同意不过了,比较级用于否定句中表最高级。 Far from it .远不是,差得远呢,表远非达到某种程度,视具体语境,译法灵活。 I will.表允诺、同意,译作“我会的" I should think so .表强烈赞成, 译作“当然”。 I should think not 与之相反,译作“当然不"。
(十二)确定和不确定
考点: Perhaps/ Maybe. It's hard to say. I have no idea. It depends. It's up to you. No chance. Not as far as I know. That's right.
难点: It depends'视情况而定”,表目前尚不确定,待情况发展而定。 I have no idea.“ 不清楚、不知道',表说话者对此事不曾知晓。 It's up to you.“ 你看着办吧”,表说话者无所谓或尤权作出决定,靠对方自己作出决定。
(十三)意愿和预见
考点: I hope so / not. I would rather not tell you. I believe so / not. I guess so / not.
难点: I (don't) guess/ believe I think/ suppose so /not. 但不可说I don't hope so.
(十四)表扬和鼓励
考点: Well done/ Good work! Come on! You can do it! You're doing fine!
难点: “Come on!" 多种意义:
表敦促,译作“快点”。
表鼓励、煽动,译作“加油,打呀,高兴点”等
了解对方所说的不是事实,译作“别逗:~'算了吧”。 如: Oh, come on, nobody will believe you.
(十五)高兴
考点: That's nice /wonderful I great/lovely! How nice/wonderful! I'm glad/pleased/happy to…
难点: I'm glad to hear that. 表高兴或喜悦。
(十六)惊奇
考点: Really? Guess what! Oh dear! How come? What? What a surprise! No wonder.
难点:
Guess what!“你猜猜发生了什么事!“用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前。
What?则表对方介绍一种情况,说话者觉得难以置信,希望对方重复部分内容。
No wonder.表因果,前一原因导致后来结果,译作“难怪,不足为奇”。
How come?“怎么会呢?”表惊讶。如: How come you are still here ? I thought you had left.
How's that?询问对方是否满意,译作“怎么样? “如: Come up! How's that? Can you see it clearer now? ; 还表示“那是怎么回事?“如:一I'm sorry I can't go with you.—How's that?Haven't we fixed it?
(十七)Here it is表示给你,在这儿,特指提到的单数名词
Here they are 表示“给你;在这儿;他们来了",特指上文提到的是复数名词。
Here you are 表示“给你;在这儿;你们来、到了",特指上文提到的是单数或复数名词,也可以指另外提供的事物。
Here we are 表示“这儿有我们所需要的;我们到了" 。
(十八)That’s all right,表示 不用谢,没关系,主要用于对感谢或歉意的礼貌回答)
That's right 意为“对了;正确",表示对对方的意见、看法或行为肯定的答复。相反说法为That's wrong.
All right=OK, 意为“行;可以",通常用于对对方的建议或请求表示同意。
sh. / sth. be all right/ OK.表示“身体好;一切正常” 。