教师招聘英语学科知识其他知识

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教师招聘 英语学科知识

第五章 完形填空

第一节 考点梳理

一.词汇角度

（一）考察固定搭配或习惯用语

（二）词义辨析

（三）根据生活常识与文化背景知识选词

（四）词语重现

（五）词语同现

二.语法角度

（一）倒装关系

（二）被动语态

（三）定语从句

（四）形容词比较级

三.逻辑角度

（一）并列关系

（二）转折关系

（三）因果关系

（四）递进关系

四.语篇角度

第六章 阅读理解P194-219

第一节 选材特点

一.题材

二.体裁

第二节 题型分类

一.主旨题

（一）主题类

◊The passage mainly discusses…

◊What is the main idea of the passage?

◊ What is the passage mainly about?

◊ What does the writer mainly tell us?

◊Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?

Which of the following best expresses the main idea?

What is the subject I topic discussed in the text?

（二）目的类

◊ What is the author's main purpose in the passage?

◊The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to…

◊ The passage is meant to…

（三）标题类

The best title for the passage might be…

What would be the best title for the passage?

The best headline for this newspaper article is…

二.细节题

（一）是非题

（二）例证题

（三）原因题

三.含义题

（一）词义猜测

1.根据定义或解释猜测词义

2.根据情景和逻辑进行判断

3.根据同义词或反义词关系猜测词义

（二）指代内容

四.推断题

（一）态度推断

（二）细节推断

（三）后续内容推断

（四）结论推断

（五）出处推断

第七章 七选五阅读

解题策略

一.命题特点

补全短文这类题型要求根据给定短文，在7 个选项句子中分别选出5 个符合语法知识、逻 辑结构和前后意思衔接的选项，补充到原文划线的填充处，使原文成为一篇窘思完整、前后连 贯的短文，该题型主要考查了阅读能力、基础知识（语法、词汇）和综合逻辑思维推理能力。

二.解题‘三部曲’

（一）走马观花

快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句 子等，掌握文章的主要内容。

（二）按图索骥

l ．看空前空后。山于补全短文空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联 系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间 有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。 2．注意某些信息线索及连接性词汇， “小词帮你出大力，时态帮你理顺序”，这些线索可 以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连接性词语我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关 系。句子之间的连接性的词语一般有下面一些： 承接关系： so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 。 平列关系： first, second, third… ,firstly, secondly, thirdly…,first, next, then…,in the first place, in the second place..., for one thing, for another thing..., to begin with, to conclude 。 转折关系： however, nevertheless, nonetheless, ~ ' though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, lby、Gontrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 。层递关系： also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in add山on, what's more, too, either, neither, not...but..., not only... but also 。 3 边读边做。边读边做最重要的是要读懂空缺处前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思， 然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性判断出主旨，然后从选项中寻找相关的信息内容，以确定正 确答案。

（三）完璧归赵

重新阅读相关词句，即将所选的选项带入文中，看是否有牵强附会之处，竟思是否连贯， 行文是否流畅。

三.经验点拨

l ． 绝对常是干扰项，意思太泛、太窄要小心。 2．选项与空格周围重复的字越多，可能越是答案， 注意看选项中的单词与空格中单词的复 现率。 3．选项中的主语可能会是空格前句话的宾语的再现，或者说选项中的宾语或表语可能会是 空格下句话的主语的再现。 4 ． 与标题内容相违背的选项不能入选，意思不正确的选项不能入选。

第八章 翻译通关

第一节 八大翻译法P229-235

一.被动语态的翻译

（一）比较

（二）经典句型练习

二.非谓语动词的翻译

（一）分词位于名词后

（二）分词位于句首

（三）动名词的译法

三.代词的译法

（一）代词指明要点

（二）不抽象，不具体

（三）同指代词不译

四.形容词和副词的译法

五.定义从句的翻译

六.正说反译，反说正译（标志牌）

七.中文四字短语的翻译-汉译英

八.中国特色词汇的译法-汉译英

第二节 中英文思维差异

第三节 经典长难句

第九章 写作指南P245-285

第一节 书信写作

一.文章布局

（一）书写格式

（二）书写款式

1.齐头式信件款式

2.折衷式信件款式

二.书信分类

（一）私人信函（Private Letter）

1.文体特点

2.典题

（二）公务信函（Official Correspondence）

1.申请信（Letter of Application)

(1)文体特点

（2）文章布局

（3）典题

2.感谢信（Letter of Thanks)

(1)文体特点

（2）文章布局

（3）典题

3.邀请信（Letter of invitation)

(1)文体特点

（2）文章布局

（3）典题

4.道歉信（Letter of Apology)

(1)文体特点

（2）文章布局

（3）典题

5.建议信（Letter of Suggestion)

(1)文体特点

（2）文章布局

（3）典题

第二节 议论文

议论文类型

（一）对比选择型议论文（pros and cons)

1.文章布局

2.常用开头

3.典题

（二）问题解决型议论文（problem and solution）

1.文章布局

2.常用开头

3.模板

4.典题

（三）现象观点解释型议论文（cause and effect）

1.文章布局

2.模板

3.典题

第三节 说明文

一.文章布局

二.常用结构词

三.典题

第四节 读后续写

第五节 概要写作

第六节 高分进阶P272-285

一.高分作文的标志

1 ．是否长短句交叉。

2．是否会使用插入语。

3 ．用词是否多样、准确、形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词。

4．关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词。

5 ．句型使用是否准确、地道。

二.高分作文应用

1 ．适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实，句子开头不要总是用well （比如写 结尾时不用we should pay attention to, 而用Attention should be paid to. ）举个经典结尾： It is,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so, its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively

2．善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词、不定式、介词短语、分词短语等，作插入语 放在句首、句中或句末， 一般用逗号或分号隔开。比如说： Other individuals, however, in fact, in addition, to tell the truth …·

3 ．一定要学会换词，用形象、具体的词替换太过宽泛常见的词。如1中例子，用applicable 替换proper, approaches 替换ways, implement 替换carry out, sharpen one's competitive edge 替 换enhance one's competitiveness 。（另：考试中一般不要重复出现good, bad, many, thing, think, people, opinion 等）

三.高分宝典

（一）经典词汇短语替换

1. individuals, characters, folks >> people, persons 。

2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding>>good 。

3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse--->bad 。如果bad 作表语，可以用be less impressive 。

4. an army of; an ocean of; a sea of; a multitude of; many, if not most 一>many 。

5. a slice of, quite a few, several--->some 。

6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that--->think 。

7. affair, business, matter-->thing 。

8. shared-->common 。

9. reap huge fruits-->get much benefit 。

10. for my part, from my own perspective-->in my opinion 。

11. increasing (ly), growing-->more and more 。

12. little if anything, little or nothing-->hardly 。

13. beneficial rewarding-->helpful be beneficial of。

14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 一>customer 。

15. exceedingly, extremely 一>very 。

16. hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable … > necessary, evitable 。

17. sth appeals to sh. / sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb. 一>sb. take interest in 。

18. capture one's attention 一>attract one's attention 。

19. facet, dimension, sphere ->aspect 。

20. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of -->indicate, \suggest, fear 。

21. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger--> cause 。

22. There are several reasons behind sth ---> reasons for sth. 。

23. desire--> want 。

24. pour attention into-->pay attention to 。

25. bear in mind that --> remember 。

26. enjoy, possess-->have 。

27.. im terachon-->commumcat10n 。

28. frown on sth.-->be against, disagree with sth. 。

29. to name only a few, as an example-->for example 。

30. next to/ virtually impossible-->nearly impossible 。

（二）经典句型应用

1. 功能句式

［原因统领句】

In my mind, the reasons why the… rate has been on the rise are as follows.

The reasons why more and more…,in my mind, are as follows.

Three reasons, in my eyes I mind, can account for this phenomenon.

Why are there so many…?The first reason, in my mind, is that … .Furthermore,... Last but not the least,...

We believe that three reasons can account for the phenomenon.

【办法措施］

In my belief, the most beneficial steps in... are as follows.

To…,we should do according to the following advice.

To successfully cope with the present problem, several measures should be taken.

If we ever want to solve this problem,... and... are both needed.

To this problem, in my mind, there are at least the following three approaches.

Consequently it is important that we take three measures to solve this problem.

The solutions to this problem seem more than clear on this occasion.

It is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to deal with this problem properly.

【益处或危害性］

… is beneficial to our national economy on the whole.

The aging phenomenon will bring many unfavorable consequences.

This phenomenon, in my mind, is most harmful to our national education.

【重要性】

In an age when most people are intelligent, the importance of… can never be overemphasized.

What really matters / What really counts / What is important / What is more important,...

It is not… but… that really counts.

Most important of all, …

【结尾句型】

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that...

Judging from the examples given above, we may safely come to the conclusion that...

It is beyond doubt that …

From what we have been discussing above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.. .

From the above analysis, we may arrive at the conclusion that …

From what has been discussed above, we can see clearly that the key lies in whether...

From what we have discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that it depends on personal choice.

Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding

In a word, I warmly welcome the establishment of… in universities.

All in all, we can safely come to the conclusion that the pros outweigh the cons.

Up until now, we can see it clearly that …

In a word, we can draw the conclusion that in many cases …

To wind up my discussion, my conclusion is that …

All that has been discussed above points to the fact that...

In conclusion,...

2. 重点句型总结（语法角度）

在这一部分，我们将从微观角度对各种虽不占据段落主题句，但也非常常用的句型做一总结归纳。这类句型我们以语法属性来进行界定与分类。

＊状语从句

【条件状语从句】

As long as I am sure of making suff如ent preparations and distinguishing myself during interviews,it is out of question for me to get the ideal job which I have been dreaming of.

If we ever want to be more knowledgeable, we must remember the following advice.

The key lies in the user - so long as we can make use of it properly, it can be most helpful for us in many aspects.

［结果状语从句】

First and foremost, the government should invest more money on education so that the nine-year compulsory education program can be carried out smoothly throughout the country.

After the examination, I was so sad and discouraged that I didn't know what I should do in the future.

It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.

［让步状语从句］

Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.

To begin with, although you may feel absorbed in your subject at night, it doesn't mean you cannot do a better job at other times.

Many students lack self-control to such an extent that they play for long hours even if they know it is harmful to both their mental and physical health.

No matter whether this problem is a natural result of social development, it is important that we find a satisfactory solution to it in this social transformation era.

It tells us that we will succeed in the end if we keep on trying and never give up, no matter how difficult the matter seems at the first sight.

【时间状语从句】一一until... 与not...until...

No plans or beliefs are significant until you put them to practice.

The child can never become mature and responsible until he is given chances to live an independent life.

Up until now, we can see it clearly that pocket money is not beneficial or harmful.

【由while 引导的表对比的状语从句］

Different people have different views on opportunity. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route.

When it comes to traveling, some of people will choose to go on a self-tour while others want to go on a package tour.

＊定语从句

Those who decide to buy a house downtown have long been dreaming of living in a house of their own in the center of a city.

＊强调句

First of all, the main financial support comes from parents and other family members. For all the years it is they who give the student courage and determination to hold on and excel.

It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts.

＊反问句

Now that we can draw the conclusion that daydreaming is most beneficial, why not make good use of it to make life rich and rewarding?

How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life until he is far from …?

If you have only had wonderful things happen to you , how can you become brave? If you can only embrace success and will never accept failure, how can you become mature?

3 ．加分句型

(1) … the + -est (the most +形容词） ＋名词＋ （ that) ＋主词＋ have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)

It is the most interesting film (that I have ever watched.)

He is the funnest person (that I have ever met.)

This is the most difficult exam (that I have ever took part in.)

(2) Nothing is + -er than +名词Nothing is+ more+ 形容词＋ than+ 名词 结构： nothing （或no＋名词）＋动词＋比较级＋than．．． 说明：此句型意为“没有如此……者”。这是用＜比较级＞来表示＜最高级＞的＜句型＞。

Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued.

没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。

There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air.

我们对时间和空气的不重视超过其他任何事物。

(3)... cannot emphasize the importance of … too much. （再怎么强调.....的重要性也不为过。）cannot... too 为固定结构，其义为“无论如何……都不过分”

We cannot recommend this book too strongly.

这本书很好，无论我们如何推荐也不过分。

You can't be too careful in dong this experiment.

在做这个实验时，你们愈仔细愈好。

One cannot be too careful in matters like that.

人们在处理这种事情时必须非常慎重。

(4) There is no denying that 从句（不可否认的……）

There is no denying that the scenery is fine.

不可否认这儿的风景很美。

There is no denying that you are no less diligent than him.

不可否认，你和他一样勤奋

(5) It is universally acknowledged that +句子（全世界都知道·…..)

It is universally acknowledged that China has developed fast in recent years.

众所周知，中国这儿年发展迅猛。

It is universally acknowledged that the competition of this exam is very fierce.

众所周知，这个考试竞争很激烈。

(6) There is no doubt that +句子（毫无疑问的……）

There is no doubt that more and more people intend to go shopping on line.

毫无疑问，越来越多的人倾向千网上购物。

There is no doubt that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.

毫无疑问，近视是我国青少年的一个严重问题。

(7) An advantage of … is that+ 句子(......的优点是..….)

An advantage of task-based approach is that the communication skills of students can be trained.

任务型教学法的一个优点是可以锻炼学生的沟通能力。

An advantage of this method is that it helps you structure the essay.

这种方法的优点是它帮助你形成文章的框架。

(8) The reason why +句子is that+ 句子（……的原因是……）

The reason why those flowers are so red is that they have met the lovers.

为什么花儿这样红，只因遇见了心爱的人。

The reason why the stars are shining so brightly is that they are smiling at the babies.

为什么星星这样亮，因为他们在朝宝宝笑。

(9) So+ 形容词＋ be+ 主词＋ that+ 句子（如此……以至于……）

So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor. 我们做事的热清如此之高，以至千我们越来越较少地依赖于专业人士了。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.

A 光传播地如此之快以至于我们很难想象曰的速度。

So many languages can he speak that he should have no problem in travelling around the world.

他可以说这么多门语言，去全球旅行应该是没间题的。

(10) adj + as + sth + be, 主句（虽然……）

Stern as he is, he is full of sympathy.

虽然他严格，却富有同情心。

Tall as he is, he cannot reach the top shelf.

尽管他高， 他也够不着书架顶端。

Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant.

虽然他功课很好，却一点都不傲慢。

Talented as he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional.

别看他有天分，他还是不够专业。

(11) The + -er (more + adj)..., the + -er (more + adj)... （愈.....愈......)

The more you practice, the better you can understand.

你练的越多，你越能更好地理解。

The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

你工作越努力，进步越大。

The earlier you set off, the sooner you will be back.

你出发越早，就能越早回来。

(12) By +Ving, 主句（借着..…·,. ... . 能够. .....)

By studying hard, he has entered the key university.

通过努力学习，他考进了重点大学。

By imitating the stars, he has gained big success.

通过模仿明星，他取得了巨大成功。

(13) … enable + sth + to + V (· · · ·..使......能够......)

The bird‘s large wings enable it to fly.

这鸟的翅膀让他能够飞翔

The hot sun enables the grapes to reach optimum ripeness.

炙热的阳光使葡萄达到最佳成熟状态。

(14) On no account can we+ V (我们绝对不能……）

On no account can we teach the lesson without preparing enough.

我们绝不能没有充分备好课就去上这堂课。

On no account can we blame the students when they have some questions.

我们绝不能在学生有问题的时候责备学生。

(15) It is time + that 从句，其中从句中的动词形式为一般过去时／should＋动词原形（该是......的时候了）

It is time that the students did exercises.

该学生做练习的时候了。

It is high time that you introduced yourself to the students.

早该你介绍自己给学生的时候了。

It's high time that the article were published.

发表这篇文章是适时的。

It's time you should do cleaning.

你该去打扫卫生了。

(16) There is no one but... （没有人不．．．）

There is no one but loves beauty. 爱美之心，人皆有之。

There is no one but longs to meet the soul mate. 每个人都渴望遇见灵魂伴侣。

There is no one but meets the love in the comer. 人人都想转角遇到爱。

(17) be+ forced/compelled/obliged+ to+ V (不得不… ）

I am forced to do the cleaning. 我不得不来做清扫。

I am obliged to abandon the dream and face the reality. 我不得不放弃梦想，面对现实。 The devil is compelled to move at my will. 恶魔不得不按照我的意愿行事。

(18) It is conceivable that ＋句子（可想而知的）

It is obvious that ＋句子（明显的）

It is apparent that ＋句子（显然的）

It is conceivable that your support has helped a lot to our program.

可想而知，你们的支持对我们的项目帮助很大。

It is apparent that his choice is wisdom.

显而易见，他的决策是英明的。

It is obvious that at least two of the things are the scores and feedback.

很明显，我至少要的两个东西是：分数……（过去…...年来，……一直……）

For the past decade, I have looked for you.

过去十年来，我一直在找你。

For the past few years, I have made every mistake possible in Argentina.

在过去的几年里，我在阿根廷犯了每一个可能犯的错误。

第十章 英语语言学

第十一章英语国家概况

第十二章 英美文学

教材教法 （参考教师资格证 学科知识与能力导图）

第一章 新课表知识

第二章 基础教学理论

第三章 教学设计

第四章 教学实施与教学评价