语法 反义疑问句

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反义疑问句

• 什么是反义疑问句 What Tag Questions are?
  • 对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起到证实作用。 翻译为“是吗”
    • positive statement + negative tag
      • That clock is slow, isn't it ?
      • You like pop music ,don't you ?
    • negative statement + positive tag
      • That clock isn't slow ,is it ?
      • You don't like pop music ,do you?
• 反义疑问句的用法Uses of Questions
  • 含有特殊主语的反义疑问句 Tag questions with special subjects
    • 陈述部分的主语是everybody (everyone) anybody ( anyone )等指人的合成词，疑问部分主语用he（正式语体）或 they（非正式语体）
      • Someone has taken the seat,hasn't he?
      • Everyone has done their best in the game, haven't they?
    • 陈述部分的主语是something ,anything everything等指物的合成词，疑问部分主语用 it
      • Everything is arranged in good order，isn't it？
    • 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,疑问部分主语可用one（正式场合）也可用you（非正式场合）
      • One can not survive without water,can you/one ?
    • 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this/that时,疑问部分主语用it
      • This is not as beautiful as that, is it ?
    • 由动词不定式，动名词，从句或词组构成的主语，疑问部分主语改it
      • To learn English well isn't easy, is it ?
    • 陈述部分是there-存在句时，疑问部分用 "be变形+there(here)"
      • There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there ?
      • Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn't here ?
  • 含有特殊动词的反义疑问句 Tag questions with special verbs
    • 当陈述部分带有表示”所有“含义的动词have时，附加问句部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式
      • You have a cat ,haven't you / don't you ?
    • 当陈述部分是have的否定形式，附加问句部分是用have还是do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式
      • He hasn't a lot of time to spare , has he ?
      • Miss Lin doesn't have any money in her pocket , does she ?
    • 当陈述部分的have不表示”所有“而表示其他时，附加问句部分须用do的一定形式
      • She had a good time yesterday , didn't she ?
      • He has supper at home every day , doesn't she ?
    • 当陈述部分的have是助动词时，附加问句部分须用have形式
      • Nothing has happen to them ,has it ?
      • Everyone has done their best in the game ,haven't they ?
  • 含有情态动词的反义疑问句Tag questions with modal auxiliaries
    • 陈述部分含有need或dare，疑问部分用 “need（dare）+主语”
      • We need not do it again, need we ?
      • He dare not say so, dare he ?
    • 陈述部分含有may,疑问部分用 “may+主语+not“（不用mayn't）
      • They may be here next week, may they not ?
    • 陈述部分含有must，疑问部分用must/mustn't (当must为“有必要”时，也可用needn't)
      • I must study hard, mustn't I / needn't I ?
      • You mustn't talk like that, must you ?
    • must be 表对现在情况的猜测，按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理
      • He must be a teacher, isn't he ?
    • 陈述部分含有ought to，疑问部分用ought或should
      • We ought to go there,oughtn't /shouldn't we ?
    • 陈述部分含有used to，疑问部分用used或did
      • He used to smoke forty cigarettes a day,usedn't /didn't ?
    • 陈述部分为had better，疑问部分用should或had
      • We had better go right now,shouldn't we /hadn't we ?
    • 当can't 表示推测时，反问看can't后的动词
      • He can't be a doctor, is he ?
      • The workers can't have finished their work, have they ?
  • 祈使句中的反义疑问句 Question tags in imperative sentences
    • 若为let's 引导，反问句用 shall we
      • Let's go home together , shall we ?
    • 若为let us 引导，同一般的否定祈使句，都用will you
      • Let us stop to rest , will you ?
      • Don't make any noise , will you ?
    • 一般的肯定祈使句 用 will you 或won't you
      • Open your book ,will you ? (won't you )
      • Please open the window ,will you ? (won't you )
  • 并列句和复合句中的反义疑问句Questions tags in coordinating and subordinating clauses
    • 当疑问部分为并列句，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定
      • Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times and he should have been in China now,shouldn't he ?
    • 一般带有定从，宾从的主从复合句，疑问部分根据主句的主谓语而定
      • He is not the man who gave a talk ,is he ?
      • He said he wanted to visit Japan ,didn't he ?
    • 陈述部分是“第一人称主语+think,believe, except, suppose,imagine,suspect等引导的宾从， 疑问部分与从句相对应构成反义疑问句 （反之，与主句的主谓相对应）
      • I don't think he is bright ,is he ?
      • We believed she can do it better ,can't she ?
      • They don't believed she's an engineer，do they ?
  • 其他情况的反义疑问句 Question tags in other cases
    • 由neither…nor…，not only…but also…，both… and…，either… or…，not… but…，…or…，…and… 等连接的并列主语， 疑问部分主语要改为复数代词
      • Neither you nor I am wrong ,are we ?
      • Both Tom and Jack came ,didn't they ?
    • 否定前缀不能视为否定词，疑问部分仍用否定形式
      • It is impossible ,isn't it ?
    • 感叹句中，疑问部分用“be+主语”
      • What colours , aren't they ?
      • What a smell , isn't it ?
    • 陈述部分为 I wish 句式，表询问或征求意见时，疑问部分用 may I
      • I wish to shake hands with you ,may I ?
    • 陈述部分为 I am 结构，疑问部分用 am I not （正式场合）aren't I （非正式场合）
      • I am late, am I not / aren't I .
    • 当陈述部分含有little,few,never,hardly,rarely,barely,scarcely, seldom,nobody,never,neither,none,nothing 等否定意义词，疑问部分用肯定结构
      • She never tells a lie ,does she ?
      • He was seldom late ,was he ?
• 注意：动词的数应 与he或they一致
• 回答反义疑问句时， 如情况属实，用yes加上反问句的倒装肯定句 如情况不符，用no加上反问句的倒装否定句