2024版《句句真研》考研英语一

Part1简单句部分，包含简单句的核心与简单句的扩展，干货满满，感兴趣的小伙伴可以参考使用！

简单句

第一章 简单句的核心

第一节 简单句的核心构成

概念：描述一件事的句子

一件事的核心和非核心怎么变

核心

核心构成

1. 主谓

2. 主谓宾

3. 主谓双宾

4. 主谓宾补

5. 主系表

核心变化

一、谓语动词的变化

（1）时态

（2）情态

（3）语态

（4）否定

三态 + 一否

（5）强调

二、主语，宾语，表语的变化

（1）名词、代词

（2）非谓语动词doing

（3）非谓语动词to do

（4）并列多个

第二节 简单句的核心变化

谓语

有实物

不及物动词 vi.

主谓

Everybody else loses.

Smaller species survived.

主语独立完成动作

及物动词 vt.

主谓宾

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. —— 每个人都喜欢丰厚的涨薪

In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

Yet, science has a cultural history, too...

Several of his staff members have military-intelligence (军事情报) backgrounds

主谓双宾

I give you a book

They gave justices permanent positions

They gave permanent positions to justices

railroads charged all customers the same average rate...

同时接人 + 物

主谓宾补

I finded Hong Kong (is) beautiful.

补语是宾语的补足语，宾语和补语有逻辑上的主谓关系

You always keep your eyes open...

The spooks call it "open source intelligence (公开来源情报)" ...

... changes in the economy ... make gainful employment (丰厚的就业) increasingly difficult...

无实物

（连）系动词

be动词（am、is、are）

主系表

1、be动词

This is a dangerous game...

Trust is a tricky (棘手的) business.

many discussions are not so successful.

The social sciences are flourishing（不是主系表，是现在进行时）

2、get / become / turn / go / grow —— "变得"

Their behavior became markedly different.

The courageous attitude in fact becomes a requierment for the performers of Beethoven's music.

3、look / sound / smell / taste / fell —— "看 / 听 / 闻 / 尝 / 感觉起来..."

They look cute

And most folks still fell pretty comfortable about their ability. —— 大多数人对自己的能力还感到很自信

4、seem / appear / keep remain / prove

The prospect seems remote. —— 前景是渺茫的

Nonetheless, unification of sorts (很多种类) remains a major goal.

the retreat from predominance (从优势地位上退下来) proved painful.

谓语动词的时态

“一般”时态

一般过去时【过去】

谓语动词 = did

用法：完全发生在过去的事，现在不再那样了

例句

India released its AI ethics strategy this spring. —— 今年春天，印度发布了人工智能伦理战略

This scale took numerous factors into consideration. —— 这个量表考虑了许多因素

This city was one of the largest human city settlement in the world. —— 这座城市是世界上最大的人类城市定居点之一（过去是）

一般现在时

谓语动词 = do/does

例句

So far the results are inconclusive. —— 到目前为止，结果还没有定论

The goal is new-serach, not re-search. —— 目标是新的搜索，而不是重新搜索

But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. —— 但大多数法律系毕业生从来没有找到一份大公司的工作

Today it makes almost no difference. —— 如今，这几乎没有什么不同

Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. —— 皮尔逊还预测，计算机与人之间的联系将取得突破

一般将来时

谓语动词

will do

am/is/are going to do.

表示现在的之后

例句

We will have a less civil society. —— 我们将有一个不那么文明的社会

Who's going pay for the rest of the bill? —— 谁来支付剩下的账单？

... the problem will be different. —— 这个问题将会变得困难

Will you marry me? —— 你愿意嫁给我吗？

过去将来时

谓语动词

would do

was/were going to do.

例句

They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power. —— 他们赋予大法官永久职位，这样他们就可以自由地扰乱当权者

... it simply didn't foresee what would happen next. —— 它之前根本没有预见到接下来会发生什么

For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors was going to be the next casualty. —— 有一段时间，半导体制造似乎将成为下一个牺牲品

“进行”时态

过去进行时

谓语动词 = was/were doing

例句

He was searching for tiny engraved seals...

Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group...

现在进行时

谓语动词 = am/is/are doing

例句

Home prices are holding steady in most regions. —— 大部分地区的物价保持稳定

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. —— 天文学界正在做出妥协，以改变对毛纳基亚的使用

将来进行时

谓语动词 = will be doing

例句

Now, rivals will be charging sales tax... —— 现在，竞争对手将收取销售税

“完成”时态

表达一件事的 “完成结果”

强调角度 “XX时间的之前”

统一的公式：have + done

过去完成时【过去的之前】

谓语动词 = had done

例句

By 2020 they had finished 30% of the research. —— 到2020年，他们已经完成了30%的研究

When he came, she had already left. —— 他来的时候，她已经走了

He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. —— 在赌场寄给他价值20美元的赌博优惠券之前，他从未赌博过

The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. —— 面试官对申请者的评分从一到五

... he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the precding twenty or thirty years. —— ……他表示，在前二三十年里，他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。

Roman Catholicism had been the state religion... —— 罗马天主教曾经是国教

现在完成时【现在的之前】

谓语动词 = have/has done

例句

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. —— 半个多世纪以来，国内生产总值及其有用性的问题一直困扰着政策制定者

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. —— 最近，最高法院法官的道德判断已成为一个重要问题

For the most part, the response has been favorable... —— 在大多数情况下，反应都很好

was favorable —— 过去是支持的

is favorable —— 现在是支持的

has been favorable —— 从过去到现在一直是支持的

Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. —— 大多数领先的零售商已经尝试过电子商务，但收效甚微，而且扩张压力很大

Scientific publishing has long been a license to print money. —— 长期以来，科学出版一直是印钞的许可证

Families have also experienced changes these years. —— 这些年来，家庭也经历了变化

中间的补充词：already / just / ever / never / also / nearly / long...

区别：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 【从过去到现在】 【过去】

宏观上

the response has been favorable

the response was favorable

微观上

1）现在全部完成，可以换成过去时

现在完成时

强调对现在有影响

He has left, so I cannot find him now. —— 他走了，我找不着他了

一般过去时

强调过去，现在没关系了

He left two hours ago. —— 他走了两小时了

2）现在部分完成，不能换成过去时

We have learned English for 15 years. ——我们学英语学了15年

We learned English for 15 years. —— 我们过去学英语学了15年

将来完成时

谓语动词 = will have done

例句

... relaxation will be in front of small-televison, and digital age will have arrived.

“完成进行”时态

XX时间的之前，强调一件事进行的过程

现在完成进行时

谓语动词 = have/has been doing

例句

That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. —— 这种电子间谍活动已经持续了几十年

Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide... —— 大型连锁店一直在全国范围内征收销售税

过去完成进行时

谓语动词 = had been doing

将来完成进行时

谓语动词 = will have been doing

内容小结

1. 【时态】 = 事情发生的“时间”+“状态”，通过谓语动词的变化来体现。 注意︰每一个谓语动词都一定有时态，因此很重要。

2. 时态共十六种(如图)︰其中背景为蓝色8种为考研重点

3. 学习时态要分成两个维度——时间和状态， 重点学习“状态”的维度，分为∶一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

4. 注意︰不管表达时态的谓语动词是几个单词，都算作一个整体，即一个谓语动词。

谓语动词的情态

情态动词后跟【动词原形】

常用的情态动词 【时态变化很有限】

could、would、should、might —— 可以表示地更加委婉

Could you help me?

情态动词没有人称的变化

He must do this thing.

情态动词变否定 / 疑问

You can do it.

You can not do it.

情态动词表示 “情态”

must

Human drivers sometimes must make split-second（一瞬间的） decisions.

can / could 【能够 / 可以】

... and the right mental workouts（正确的思维训练） can significantly improve（有效地提高） our basic cognitive functions（基本认知能力）.

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? —— 每天一个拥抱可以远离医生吗？

will / would 【将要 / 愿意】

Will you marry me?

The first draft will appear on the page. —— 初稿跃然纸上

Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. —— 潜在的购房者会为降低利率而欢呼

may / might 【可以 / 可能】

.... expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. —— 表达可能会影响情绪，而不仅仅是相反

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the （effects of psychological stress）. —— 这种身体反应可能有助于缓和心理压力的影响

should 【应该】

Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.

情态动词表示 “推测”

The details may be unknowable...

Such searches can take years.

It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must ... have something to do with the soul of the human being.

... this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional, social, and personal wellbeing（个人健康）.

分类

情态动词 + do

情态动词 + be doing

... the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world.

Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

情态动词 + have done

... the peculiar way of conducting the experiments（进行实验的特殊方式） may have led to misleading interpretation（误导性解读） of what happend.

其他情态动词词组

They have to careful not to come across as disappointed in their child.

... public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers...

注意：“情态动词 + 动词原形”算作一个整体，即一个谓语动词

真题演练

Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level（更合理的水平）. —— 即将到来的改革可能会把价格带到更合理的水平上

Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. —— 雇主不会介意就业市场上的泡沫少一点

... but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. —— 但我们无法逃离我们独特的生活经历

... we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. —— 我们必须更深层次地推进大气和海洋的研究

谓语动词的语态

主动语态

主语是主动发出动作的

I eat apples.

被动语态

主语是动作的承受者

Apples are eaten.

构成

be（2 被动的时间） + done（1 被动的动作） 3 主语的单复数

Unfortunately, these critics are forgotten 【by + 动作发出者】 —— 不幸的是，这些评论家（现在）都被遗忘了

补充：被动语态不一样要翻译成“被”

与时态的结合

现在完成时的被动：have / has been + done

例句

For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. —— 例如，照明总是在周日改变

Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain... —— 催产素主要在大脑的中央下部产生

The truth will not be known for years. —— 真相将持续很多年都不会被知道

But the great universal of made mortality is being changed. —— 但人工死亡率的普遍性正在改变

Attempts have been made to control this inflation... ——人们试图控制这种通货膨胀

与情态的结合

例句

In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. —— 在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一比例可以大大降低

... weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. —— 较弱的种族和社会最终必须被更强大、更先进的种族和社区所取代

Those first few days should be spent looking for work... —— 最初的几天应该用来找工作

注意：不管是和时态还是和情态相结合，被动语态跟它们永远作为一个整体，即算一个谓语动词

谓语动词的否定

1. 实义动词变否定

前加助动词 do/does/did，再加上not，最后加动词原形

2. 助动词和情态动词变否定

变否定直接后加not，例如：be动词、情态动词、完成时态中的have

考场攻略

攻略一：抓住谓语动词，就抓住了句子最核心的表述动作或内容

攻略二：通过定位谓语动词，找到复杂多变的主语

攻略三：通过谓语动词的数量，判断长难句中包含了几件事

主语、宾语、表语的变化

（一）名词、代词

使用名词或名词词组来作主语、宾语、表语，其次是代词来代替上下文提到的名词

（二）非谓语动词doing

一主一谓搭配好之后，再加动词就降半级为非谓语动词

1. doing作主语

代表一件事，谓语动词用三单

2. doing作宾语

动宾

介宾

（三）非谓语动词to do

1. to do做主语

在真题中，to do或to do词组作主语大部分情况下是置于句尾，句首用形式主语it来代替

doing作主语一般是位于句首

2. to do做宾语

只能位于及物动词后，不能位于介词（介词后加doing）

——> 及物动词后加 to do / doing，取决于它的固定搭配

补充：to do做宾语还可以后置，此时的形式宾语用【it】代替

3. to do做表语

主要位于系动词后，通常是 be动词 后

（四）并列多个

并且多个对象时，通常会在中间加上并且连词（或词组），最常用的就是【and】、【or】

如果并列连词相同，并列多个对象时可以把前面的连词省略，用逗号 [,] 代替，最后一个对象前再加上并列连词

如果并列连词不同，并列多个对象时则不能省略并且连词

并列连词分类

表示并列

...and... <——> ...和...

both...and... <——> ...和...

not only...but also... <——> 不但...而且...

表示选择

...or... <——> ...或者...

either...or... <——> ...或者...

neither...nor... <——> 既不...也不...

⭐考场攻略

先找到 谓语动词，然后通过谓语动词的位置找到其 前面的主语 和 后面的宾语或表语，并且看懂是什么成分来充当

第二章 简单句的扩展

第一节 词性角度的扩展

一、限定词

冠词

the、a/an

数词

More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public. —— 直接向公众出售基因检测服务的公司超过24家

名词所有格

二、形容词、副词

修饰规则

① 名词归形容词修饰

② 其他的都归副词修饰

（一）形容词、副词作修饰成分

1. 形容词修饰名词

① 作定语

修饰名词，位于名词前后

② 作表语

补充说明（主语通常为名词），位于系动词后

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perspective of observe.

2. 副词修饰动词、句子、形容词或其他的副词

and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. —— 正确的思维训练可以大幅度提高我们的基本认知机能

（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别

1. 原级比较

as + adj./adv.原形（比较的内容）+ as + 比较的对象

Few people are as fertile as in the past.

2. 比较级

adj./adv.的比较级 + （than比较的对象） —— 表示“（和...相比）更......”，通常用于两者之间的比较

... younger, healthier people can realize their potential. —— 更年轻、更健康的人能够发挥他们的潜能

3. 最高级

adj./adv.的最高级 + （介词短语表示比较的范围） —— 表示“（......范围内）最......”，通常用于三者或以上的比较

the most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. —— 最明显的例子便是晚期癌症的护理

三、介词短语

后面要接词，不可以单独使用

① 名词

② 代词

③ 动名词

介词使用分类

1. 表示时间的介词

2. 表示地点或范围的介词

3. 其他用法的介词

第二节 成分角度的扩展

非谓语动词作定语、状语

三种形态

进行时：doing —— 表示主动

完成时：down —— 表示被动

被动语态：to do —— 表示目的

作定语

修饰限定名词

例：

Is also raises questions conerning "values".

a team of researchers （working together【adv.】 in the laboratory） would submit ...

非谓语动词不一定只有一个词doing，如果是及物动词，就要后接宾语。 所以“及物动词 + 宾语”可以构成非谓语动词词组

The human nose is an underrated tool. —— 工具被低估

The networked computer is an amazing device... —— 电脑被联网

非谓语动词表被动

Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. —— 去经营

America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work... —— 去收购

非谓语动词表目的

作状语

修饰限定一个句子

例

To promote this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process（大学招生简章）.

Depending（作状语修饰句子） on the comments received（作表语修饰名词）, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.

非谓语动词作同位语、插入语

同位语

用于解释说明名词，通常放在其解释的名词之后

例句

...the number of papers including the keywords "environmental change" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004.

补充

普通名词后，专有名词作同位语表示解释说明

It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows8

伴随一些标志性的标点符号

逗号

破折号

It usually leads to no good —— drinking, drugs and causal sex.

冒号

插入语

为后来插入句子中的成分

分类

主谓结构作插入语

表示“某人说，某人认为”

This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.

副词作插入语

This facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated.

介词短语作插入语

Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events.

补充

同位语：与前面的名词有关，它们说的是同一个人或同一件事

Tony, my teacher, is coming here.

解释说明Tony是谁

插入语：与左右两边的内容没有直接的关系

Tony, with his students, is coming here.

补充说明Tony和谁一起来

"阶段性总结"