1866《英国法律适用条例》、1971
Application of English Law Ordinance(AELO)
普通法和衡平法规则，只要适用于HK且未被在行的UK or HK法律排除，在HK有效
The common law and the rules of equity shall be in force in HK, so far as they are applicable to the circumstances of Hong Kong or its inhabitants; …and are not excluded by applicable legislation
1843年4月5日之前的70项法令，只有29种生效；
After AELO, only 29 of them could be applied
之后的法令通过以下三种方式生效：
1、枢密院命令（最高法命令用）extension by Order in council
2、法规中包含有明确的规定或这样的含义（特意说了用）direct application
3、香港立法机构的条例（自己顶的）incorporation by LegCo.
HK制定的成文法
Legislations passed by the Hong Kong legislative council
Subsidiary legislation made by arthorised bodies
只有英国上议院和枢密院司法委员会的判例能成为香港法院具有约束力的判例法
house of Lords上议院、UK's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council枢密司
由于香港的终审权在英国枢密院所以无论英国的case law合适生效，均对香港法院有约束力
其它英联邦国家的判例也可能对香港法院有约束力
香港法院在审判实践中也发展出了自己的判例法
习惯与权威著作
香港参加的国际条约
法律渊源多元性、
判例法具有优越地位
回归后
基本法
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR
香港原有法律：普通法、衡平法、条例、附属法例、习惯法
The laws previously in force in Hong Kong, the:
(1) common law (2) rules of equity, (3) ordinances, subordinate legislation and (4) customary law
先例precedent
判例法具有约束力case law is binding
类案类裁，防止任意裁决
precedent safeguards against arbitrary decisions an also decide similar cases alike
上行下效，上级法院的case对下级法院有强制约束力
precedent is binding if it was decided by a superior court whose decisions are binding upon the court dealing with the later case
有说服力的先例——其它司法管辖区的判例法，也包括平级和下级法院的裁决
the persuasive precedents
香港特区立法机关通过的法例
Legislations passed by Hong Kong SAR legislature
基本法附件三中列举的全国性法律
以及战争或紧急状态下全国人大常委会命令在香港实施的有关全国性法律
PRC national law as listed in Annex III to the Basic Law / National Law (the Annex III of the Basic Law)
国际条约
司法制度与体系
回归后Basic Law19规定香港特别行政区享有独立的司法权和终审权
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication
法律解释
法院的主要只能是根据立法机构的意图解释法规
the major function of courts is to interpret statutes in accordance to the intention of legislature
举证责任
举证责任evidential burden
有关事实的
证据推进的责任burden of going forward with evidence
提出某项证据使自己的主张成为争议点issue of argument
没有证明程度的要求，只需要提出若干关联证据，证明该事实存在与否仍有争议，仍应留着陪审团审议。
又称说服责任burden of persuasion，证明负担probative burden
主张一方提出证据说服陪审团判定己方主张为真的责任。
举证标准
刑事诉讼与民事诉讼
Criminal Proceedings&Civil Proceedings
刑事诉讼
无罪推定原则
the principle of presumption of innocence before conviction
presumption of innocence (law)
控方承担举证责任the burden of proof lies on the prosecution
排除合理怀疑the standard of proof is one of beyond reasonable doubt
有权请代理人the right have legal representation
有权对结果和刑罚上诉the right appeal against conviction and/ or sentence
陪审团制度 the jury system
民事诉讼
可能性的平衡 the balance of probabilites
某些案件（如诽谤）中可能有陪审团 A jury may also be present in some civil cases (defamation ) when the plaintiff or the defendant applies to the court to have the case tried by a jury
律师
solicitor事务律师，非诉业务
barrister大律师，出庭律师，诉讼业务
非诉解决方式
调解Mediation
资深行业人员，第三方，进行双边密谈，最终解决纠纷。
自愿的，但法院可以对不合理地不进行调解的一方进行处罚。
High Court Practice Direction 31 : mediation not mandatory but courts may penalise a party who unreasonably fails to enter into mediation
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