There is a major challenge in the treatment of large bone defects, when the self-repair capability of bone is not enough, the bone substitute materials are promising approaches.
The skeleton has long been recognized as a richly innervated tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that intact innervation is essential for bone healing
SCs(Schwann cells) are crucial for nerve regenberation and functional recovery owing to their role in secreting neuro-trophic factors, supporting the survival of damaged neurons, and promoting axon regrowth,suggesting that SCs may further amplify their synergistic actions on bone healing by promoting innervation in the defect area.
For cell-based therapies still have some intrinsic shortcomings, the cell-free tissue engineering, such as exosomes, has been rapidly developed. Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel (GelMA) was fabricated to load exosomes to ensure their sustainable and stable release.
the new way to overcome problems
The multifunctional role and mechanism of how SC Exo orchestrate the complex bone healing microenvironment during bone regeneration has not been reported.
The unclear points at present
