Unit4.The Sentence(3): Common Errors

这是一篇关于Unit4.The Sentence(3): Common Errors思维导图， "想写出地道英文却总踩坑？3分钟扫清句子常见雷区！" 本期聚焦英文句子常见错误：1️⃣ Faulty shifts（逻辑跳跃）指突兀的时态/人称转换2️⃣ Ambiguous pronouns（指代模糊）如"They"可能指向多个主语3️⃣ Dangling modifiers（悬垂修饰）如"Running late, the bus left"（谁在跑？）4️⃣ Parallelism（平行结构）要求并列成分形式统一附赠纠错技巧，助你摆脱碎片化/连写句困扰！ 详细罗列了英语句子常见错误类型及相关定义、纠正方法等内容，是一份对英语学习者、教育工作者极具价值的语法学习与教学辅助资料。此模板主要面向广大英语学习者，尤其是正在系统学习英语语法、希望提升句子写作准确性的学生群体；同时也适用于英语教师，可作为备课、授课时梳理知识点的实用工具，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英语句子常见错误相关知识。

Unit4.The Sentence(3)：Common Errors

• run-on sentence
  • definition:When two main clauses are joined without a word to connect them or a proper punctuation mark to separate them, the result is a run-on sentence.
  • five ways to correct
    • By adding a period
    • By adding a semicolon
    • By adding a semicolon plus a conjunction
    • By adding a comma plus a coordinating conjunction
    • By adding a subordination conjunction
• sentence fragment
  • definition:Lacking some basic sentence elements, they are incomplete sentences.
  • common types
    • -ing fragments
      • definition:When an -ing word appears at or near the start of a word group, a fragment may result
      • how to correct
        • Attach the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it
        • Add a subject and change the -ing part to the correct form of the verb
        • Change being to the correct form of the verb be
    • -to fragments
      • definition:A -to fragment is a fragment in which an infinitive is mistaken for a sentence
      • how to correct:They have to be added to the preceding sentences
    • Dependent-clause fragments
      • definition:a dependent clause begins with subordinate conjunctions
      • how to correct
        • Attach the dependent-clause to the sentence that comes before or after it
        • Eliminate the dependent word
          • Notes: Do not use this second method of correction too frequently
    • Added-detail fragments
      • definition:Added-detail fragments lack a subject and a verb
      • how to correct
        • Attach the fragment to the complete thought that precedes it
        • Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence
    • Missing-subject fragments
      • definition:A fragment without any subject comes about when a writer closes a sentence but then thinks of another detail to explain what he has just said
      • how to correct
        • Supply a subject to the fragment
        • Attach the fragment to the preceding sentence
• faulty parallelism
  • definition:parallelism in the sentence breaks down
  • categories
    • does not use parallel elements in a series or in contrasted ideas
    • does not repeat the words that signal parallelism
    • does not place the elements of coordinating structures correctly
    • presents elements that are not logically coordinated in coordinate form
• misplaced modifier
  • definition:If a modifier is placed in an awkward position
  • how to correct
    • Place the modifier to modify the element intended
    • Avoid squinting modifiers
    • Place single-word adverbs carefully
• bangling modifier
  • definition:A dangling modifier is a modifier that has no word or phrase in the sentence to modify
  • categories
    • Dangling participial modifiers
    • Dangling infinitive modifiers
    • Dangling abbreviated clauses
• ambiguous pronoun reference
  • definition:In sentences there is a pronoun with ambiguous reference
  • how to correct
    • Make a pronoun refer clearly to one antecedent
    • Pronouns should be as near to the antecedents as possible
    • Make the antecedents specific or eliminate the non-existent pronouns
• faulty shift
  • definition:Faulty shifts occur when you make unnecessary or illogical shift
  • categories
    • Faulty shift in pronouns
    • Faulty shift in tense
    • Faulty shift in subject and voice
    • Faulty shift in mood