英语被动句使用

英语被动句使用：被动语态的时态：一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态。

被动句使用

• 被动语态的构成形式
  • 1.被动语态的基本时态变化
    • 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be 过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
    • 1)am/is/are done (过去分词)一般现在时
      • 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
    • 2)has/have been done 现在完成时
      • 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
    • 3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时
      • 例A new cinema is being built here.
    • 4)was/were done 一般过去时
      • 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
    • 5)had been done 过去完成时
      • 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
    • 6)was/were being done 过去进行时
      • 例A meeting was being held when I was there.
    • 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时
      • 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
    • 8)should/would be done 过去将来时
      • 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
    • 9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
      • 例The project will have been completed before July.
  • 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
    • 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词 be 过去分词。
      • 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
    • 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
      • 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
    • 3)当“动词 宾语 宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
      • 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
    • 4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
      • 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
    • 5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词 介词”，“动词 副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
      • 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
  • 3.非谓语动词的被动语态
    • v.ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。
      • 例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
• 特殊情况的被动语态：
  • 1.带双宾语的被动语态：
    • 动词+ sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)
    • 口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。
  • 1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。
    • give sb sth 被动 :sb +be given sth或sth +be given +to sb.
      • e.g.He gave me a book
      • Iwas givena book by him.
      • A bookwas given tome by him.
  • 2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。
    • buy sb sth被动:sb +be bought + sth或sth +be bought +for sb
      • e.g.My mother made me a cake.
      • I was made a cake by my mother
      • A cake was made for me by my mother.
• 被动语态的时态：
  • 一般现在时的被动语态：
    • am/is/ are +动词的过去分词
  • 2.一般过去时的被动语态：
    • was/were +动词的过去分词
  • 3.一般将来时的被动语态：
    • will be +动词的过去分词
  • 4.现在进行时的被动语态：
    • am/is/are +being +动词的过去分词
  • 5.现在完成时的被动语态：
    • have/has +been +动词的过去分词
  • 6.情态动词的被动语态：
    • 情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词
• 被动语态的基本用法:
  • (1)需要强调动作的承受者时
    • The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.
    • English is widely spoken in the world now.
  • (2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
    • Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.
    • The problem is dealt with now.
  • (3)当说话人需要强调客观时
    • It is said that she was a beauty when she was young
  • 主动语态变被动语态的变法：
    • 宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。
      • 注:1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
  • 注意点
    • 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
    • 主动、被动的句式要一致。
• 一般过去时被动语态基本句式
  • (1)肯定式:主语+ was/were +过去 分词+by?
    • It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute.
  • (2)否定式:主语+was/were + not +过去分词+ by?
    • She was not given a paniting by him.This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday.
  • (3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?
    • Was it made of bamboo?
  • (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑+was/were+过去分词+by?
    • What was it made of?