长难句

1 I am wondering whether there is an alien2Ladies always are right that is a common sense 3That ladies tend to be right, remains common knowledge 4My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a chinese conventional virtue.5Someday, one will p

长难句

第一章 简单句

一什么是英语句子

1. 必须具备（主谓）

2. 主语一定是动作发出者

3. 宾语一定是动作承受者

二句子基本结构

主＋谓

谓语动词要么是实义动词，要么是系动词

主+谓+宾

谓语——实义动词

主+系+表

谓语——系动词

系动词和be动词可互换

be动词

感官动词

look,seem,appear

smell,taste(爱好,have taste for sth）

hear,feel,sound

变化

become

get

turn

grow

fall

保持

keep

stay

remain

stand

其他

proves

seems

主+谓+宾+宾

两个宾语没有关系

主+谓+宾+宾补

两个宾语有关系

双宾和宾补区别

在两个宾语间加“Be”

意思通顺是宾补（主谓关系）

意思不通顺——双宾

三句子成分

谓语

动词只能是谓语，做谓语的只能是动词

谓语成分

有事态的实义动词/系动词充当谓语

动词成分能不能多

绝对不能，多余动词全部变成非谓语——独立主格结构

找谓语方法

多个动词出现时，找最重要的那个动词/随便一个动词做谓语，其余全变成非谓语

V-ing-主动

V-ed—被动

to do—目的

简单句变 复杂句

独立主格（非谓语）

我是一个老师，我很喜欢唱歌—Being a teacher,I have passion for singing songs.

主从复合句

并列句

动词能不能少

绝对不能，当一句话需要动词又无动词时，永远都＋“Be”

Be angry-angry为形容词，缺动词

agree with sth-agree为实义动词

练习题

背诵

1他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家—he putting on his jacket, locking the door, left home.

状语位置可以随便放，分不清谁最重要可以在众多动词中选一个做谓语其余化作非谓语

2. Pandas are the rarest members in bear family,mainly living in the forest of chinese southwest

英语中所有的系动词可代替be动词

3.Yangzi River flowing through diverse ecological systems,keeps the home of a sea of endangered species, irrigating chinese one fifth land.

4.I loving you,you love me.

独立主格＝非谓语

5.冬天来，春天就不远了。—Winter approaching,spring will be around the corner.

a sea of/have passion of/be fascinated with

主语

句子不能充当主语

名词

代词

非谓语动词

从句

Handsome and strong are his nature.× Handsomeness and strenth are his nature√ Being handsome and strong is his nature.

主语能不能少-不能-没主语怎么办

出现群体词时，群体越具体分值越高（undergraduates大学生，professor专家）

＋it（天气，温度）

1必须与天气、温度、时间有关 2系动词皆可以代替be动词 3exceedingly 闷

there be-有字必有there be

be(exist/seem/remain

被动句

(无主语/人称代词做主语时)—用被动写句子——宾语和主语换位置

1必须指出坚持很重要——Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial

主动改成被动句——主语和宾语互换位置

2越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重——Over fishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing amount of professors.

三种情况无被动

动词后面有介词（该动词无被动）

所有系动词都没有被动形式

have——译为“有”的时候

人称代词作主语

I you we

不到万不得已，不使用

如果有梦想，就应该会成功 If there existsca dream,glories are supposed to be achieved . should(be supposed)

宾语

名词 代词 非谓语动词 从句

表语

名词 代词 非谓语动词 从句 形容词 介词短语

I like being/to be in Chong Qing 2 Ladies like being beautiful 3 I exchange sth with my watch

考点分析

写作

1所有写不来的长难句都可以写成简单句，确保语法正确 2单词不会写就用熟悉词代替

第四章 定语和定语从句

1什么是定语？

…………的➕名词

……的是修饰名词的定语成分

2定语成分（修饰名词）

形容词：the nighingale brave and innocent died.

定语过长可后置

名词修饰名词： the singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.

介词短语做定语：the nightingale out of the window heard the sights of the younger.烦恼

非谓语：the singing nightingale died.

从句修饰名词：夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰被扔了

形容词性物主代词作定语——形容词修饰名词

my, your,,his

定语的位置

前小后大：一个单词修饰名词放前面，多个单词修饰定语放后面

练习题 1、It is a fiction that describe a nightingale and rose. 2、The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince. 3、They rejected boy looks pitiful. 4、I have something important to tell you.

定语从句

构成：名词➕引导词➕句子

先行词的引导词：8个

先行词为人：who whom whose

先行词为物：that which whose

先行词为时间：that which when

地点：that which where

原因：that which why

子主题

三：谁决定定语从句引导词

代词：可作（主语，定语） 副词：不可作（主语，宾语）

答：1先行词的种类/引导词的词性决定引导词

定语从句引导词的新分类

代词（从句主语/宾语）

1人 who whom 2物 that which

副词（从句中不能充当任何主干部分）

where when why

形容词（从句中修饰离他最近的名词）

whose

❌1the rose was discarded whose the nightingale exchanged with his life 1the rose (that/which) then exchanged with his life was discarded.

先行词：rose(物） 从句：不缺成分（副词），缺宾语

例子： 1Building (whose）roofs are round look beautiful. 这些圆顶的建筑物看起来很漂亮。 2it has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those with dreams. 成功属于有梦想的人已经被无数个事实所证明了。 3穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且还确保了一点，不用在乎别人的感受 Wearing my own shoes proves not only convenient but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ignored. 4问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧负责呢？ the point of the issue seems who should be responsible for the decline of ethics 5外表看起来很邋遢的他，内心很高尚。 He whose appearance looks indecent proves noble in his mind.

1不特指的多数人（whose) 2不特指的单数人（one)

子主题

子主题

主题

第三章 名词性从句

一名词能充当的成分

1主语（the movie looks terrific) 2宾语（I admire hisother) 3表语（Gump is a man 4同位语（I enjoy the part, the beginning

同位语

用来解释名词成分的成分就是同位语

1I, a university student like Eason, a well-known singer from Hongkong 2My mother, a typical housewife, playing MaJong a chinese intertainment.

只要作文中出现名词，都可以有意识的加上句子，对其进行补充说明

Persistence an active mental plays a critical role in the glories of all childreb and adults

成分

1名词 2代词 3非谓语 4从句

什么是名词从句

从句充当主语—主语从句

从句充当宾语—宾语从句

从句充当表语—表语从句

从句充当同位语—同位语从句

1. The movie what I saw looks terrific 2. I admire his mother what she said 3 Gump is a man who should learn from 4I enjoy the part that a bird is flying in the sky.

引导词

一、that (从句为陈述句，并且that 在从句中不充当任何成为，也没有什么意思

Whether从句为一般疑问句时，并且whether从句中也不充当成分译为“是否” 一般疑问句暗含……是否

三所有的特殊疑问词都是，从句全都是陈述句，

引导词➕主语➕谓语

练习

1 I am wondering whether there is an alien 2Ladies always are right that is a common sense 3That ladies tend to be right, remains common knowledge 4My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a chinese conventional virtue. 5Someday, one will perceive that career, kinship and friendship prove more indispensable than romance 6The point seems when wealth will become available for you

1that she has got divorced is my fault 2whether she has got divorced that is obvious 3she will go marry with who that is a secret

考点

写作

1.主从在写作中的应用

主从的满分句型：把主从放在句末 用it作形式主语，主从放在任何一个句子前面，用来拉长句子

子主题

显而易见，众所周知

1it is apparent that… 2it looks beyondvdispute that… 3it has been wildely accepted that … 4it is universally acknowledged that… 5it keeps my argument that…(I think)

it is apparent that the topic about brings up animals is a terrific things

sth has been brought into the limelight 引人注目

同位语在写作中的应用

同位语可以放在名词后，也可以放在句尾—主谓（谓语太短）

1he has found a girlfriend, which made his family happu (正解）The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend 2Nothing can hide the truth that she is getting old. 3The outlook proves wrong that private individuals in HN seem all deceives 4The evidence flowers in the green house fail to undergo storms indicates that kids should by no means be spoiled by their senior citizens.

长难句 （能够识别各个名词性从句，并且能够译出来

一、如何识别主语从句

从句位于句首（主从，状语）

只要见到引导词位于句首且从句且从句无逗号，就一定是主语从句，主从从句，从名词后开始到主句谓语前结束 2除此之外，在长难句分析中出现“it is …that…"通常都是主语从句，主语从句从that 开始，句末结束

Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of（省略部分） technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 判断：（各个分析结构） 一、Whether…or…being并列从句 二、depends on 谓语 三、the issue宾 (of which is see as the driving force.定从） 合：政府是应该以技术为代价来增加对纯科学的投资还是以纯科学为代价来增加技术的资助。

二 如何识别宾语从句

只要实意动词后面有引导词，就暂定为宾从（状从没讲）

1宾语从句 that 可以省 我们写不能省

2是否（永远写成）whether

3句子➕主语（必定是状语❓）

4多个从句并列，只要在最后两个➕and

形式宾语：you have all heard it repeated that……

三 如何识别表从（56页）

只要系动词后面有引导词，就是表从

四 如何识别同位语从句

只要名词后有引导词（暂定）———有可能是定语从句

子主题

第二章 并列句

定义 就是用连词连接两个句子

1I love you and you love that dog 2 I love you. You love that dog 3 loving you, you love that dog.

两句话变成一句话：1独立主格 2从句 3 连接词

常见连词

平行关系（同时发生）

and,not only…but also, either…or , neither …nor similarly,equally ,likewise,consequently

转折

but,yet,while,whereas, however ,nevertheless ,on the contrary conversely,unexpectedly,unfortunately,by contrary

选择

or, whether…or, alternatively

因果

for, so therefore,thus,consequently,as a result

递进

then besides,furthermore ,moreover,additionally subsequently,inaddition

符号

有连词“，”时，可用 有介词和副词时用“。”

1Romance has evaporated, but he still miss the past. 2Romance has evaporated. on the contrary he still miss the past 3Romance has evaporatedv and on the vontrary he still miss the past.

连词与副词，介词短语的区别

连词—前面有无逗号均可

副词/介词短语—前面要么用“." 要么加“and"

考点

写作

考点（写作）

The man is rich, therefore I decided to marry him.

只要上下句之间有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系

逻辑关系词：连词，副词，介词和介词短语

完型填空

12015-8道 2019-2 2020-3/4道

方法

只需要读懂前面两句话的意思就行了

阅读妙招 首尾得文章中心 其余选项—与文章中心最近才选择

长难句（方法）

1在分析长难句时，只要出现并列连词，都有省略—需要找到省略部分并补充出来 2第一步找谓语第二步找连词 3如何找省略内容？ 一句话中有省略，一定出现在连词后，而不是连词前，所以连词后面有的成分前面一定有，连词前有而 连词后没有的成分便是省略成分

连词后有多个成分，不一定都找得到，但是连词后面只有一个成分连词前一定有

三个句子/短语并列，只需要再最后一个加“啊and"

步骤；1找谓语 2找连词 1 第一步找谓语动词，来确定主谓宾 2若句子出现多个动词，前面无引导词的动词就是谓语动词