Language of use

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Language of use

• The theory of Conversational Implicature
  • Herbert Paul Grice: The secnd major theory in pragmatics
  • The cooperative Principle
    • Quantity
      • information is required
      • Don't make more information than requierd
    • Quality
      • Don't say what you believe to be false
      • Don't say which lack of evidence
    • Relation
      • Be relevant
    • Manner
      • Avoid obscurity of expression
      • Avoid ambiguity
      • Be brief(avoid prolixity)
      • Be orderly
    • Four categeories of maxims
  • Violation of the Maxims
    • Quality
    • Matter
    • Relation
    • Quantity
  • Characteristics Of Implicature
    • CALCULABILITY 可推导性
    • CANCELLABILITY 可取消性/DEFFEASIBILITY可废除性
    • NON-DETACHABILITY 不可分离性
    • NON-CONVENTIONALITY 非常规性
• Politeness Principle
  • Tack Maxim 得体原则
  • Generosity Maxim 宽宏原则
  • Approbation Maxim 赞誉原则
  • Modesty Maxim 谦虚原则
  • Agreement Maxim 一致原则
  • Sympathy Maxim 同情准则
• Post-Gricean Development
  • Relevence Theory
  • The Q- and R- principles
  • The Q-,I- and M- principles
  • A Socio-Cognitive Approach
• Speech Act Theory
  • John Langshaw Austin:The first major theory in the study of language in use
  • Two types of sentences
    • Performatives
      • a part of or the doing of an action
        • explicit performatives
          • performative verbs
          • Present tense
          • Subject is the first person singular
          • Sentence form is the main dynamic
        • implicit performatives
          • No performative verbs
          • According to the context
            • Tone
            • Intonation
            • Adverb
            • Verbal particle
    • Constatives
      • is an action but not a performative
  • A Theory of the Illocutionary Act
    • LOCUTIONARY ACT发话行为
      • Just the utterence
    • ILLOCUTIONARY ACT行事行为
      • What to say and do
    • PERLOCUTIONARY ACT取效行为
      • By saying and doing
• Pragmatics
  • Definition: the study of language in use
  • Speaker's meaning, Utterence meaning, Contextual meaning
  • Pragmatics=meaning=semantics
• Imply instead of directly