考研英语长难句

超多例句，超多标注，一看就懂，一学就会，搞定长难句！参考书目：华研外语2021考研英语语法与长难句。

唐迟考研英语语法讲解

• 1抓主干
  • 通过连词和动词抓住干
    • 连词与动词
      • 1连词
        • 靠背单词积累词性
        • 连词
          • 并列连词
            • and or but yet连接前后相同的内容：
              • 词和词，句和句，v和v，n和n.....
            • and前后一致
              • 从后往前找会更方便
        • 从属连词
          • 无词义，不做成分
          • 连接代词
          • 连接副词
        • 综上连词包括
          • and or，
          • but yet，
          • W+that
      • 2动词(谓语，非谓语）
        • 谓语动词的种类：
          • 略
    • 先找动词和连词
      • 规律
        • 两个句子之间必须有连词，
        • n个连词并列n+1个动词（句子）
        • 两个句子内的谓语之间一定有一个连词，两两配对
      • 例句
        • While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your"wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
          • while表时间，表对比
          • 先找v和连接句子的连词
            • 两个句子之间必须有连词，
            • n个连词并列n+1个动词（句子）
          • and前后一致
            • and1和4好判断
            • 发现2号前后都有动词所以并列句子
            • 从后往前找会更方便
          • 从属连词从句的省略
            • 重要补充：while(从属连词）连接从句，所以句中必须有谓语动词
              • 当从属连词连接的从句和主句主语一致的时候：从句的谓语动词含有be动词时，可省从句中的主语和be动词
                • While talking to you, your could-be employer....
                • （还原后）While your could-be employer is talking to you,
              • though he was Aing,he never changeB
                • 省略后：Aing，he never...
                  • 语言的偷懒原则，翻译时要还原翻译更好一些
          • 句子为什么有主谓宾构成呢：
            • 主语和宾语是物质，物质需要运动，所以谈到主谓必须要谈到运动，于是就有了谓语
              • 联系马哲
        • In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
          • for
            • 介词prep为了
            • 连词conj因为
              • 这里的for必须充当连词，翻译成因为，这样连词和动词数量才成比例
          • 规律
            • 配对法则
              • 用来更好地识别主干
              • know
                • when
                  • can
              • know
                • what
                  • have to offer
              • begin
                • for
                  • can
        • When a new movement in art attainis acertain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal
          • 这里的for必须翻译为连词才能够比例
          • it作形式主语：
            • I believe that god is a girl
            • that god is a girl is obvious
              • 英语有尾重原则
              • （变化为）It is obvious that god is a girl
                • it是形式主语
                • 总结：it+be+adj 那就是形式主语
                  • +that从句
                  • +to do
          • however|whatever+adj|adv+句子
            • however|whatever翻译成“无论”，
            • 并且翻译时先翻译后面的句子再翻译adj|adv
          • 　请不要用你身体的勤奋来掩盖你思想的懒惰
          • 配对原则
            • attainis
              • When
                • is
            • is
              • what
                • are aiming
            • may
              • however
                • is
            • is
              • that
                • may be regarded
            • is
              • for
                • is
          • 主干
            • 去掉了所有的修饰成分，既各种从句
            • it is advisable to find out A , for, it is possible
              • 最主干：it is advisable to find out A
• 2非主干句型结构
  • 学语法就是学例句，找那种简单的直观反应语言现象的精简句子
  • 非主干
    • 　主干：
      • 主
      • 谓
      • 宾
    • 介词
      • in on at of off with
        • (介词＋名词)不做主干
          • 删去介词后的东西也可显露主干
    • 　非主干：
      • 非主干就是来修饰主干的
      • 定
        • 修饰主语和宾语(修饰名词的，具有形容性）
        • a book on the desk
          • 翻译
            • 考研一定要落在笔上
            • 一本在桌子上的书
            • on在...上面
            • 单词对应中文发现了"的":就是因为"介词+名词"翻译成定语,所以出现了"的"
              • 形容性的体现
              • 例:漂亮的姑娘
      • 状
        • 修饰谓语的叫状语（修饰动词的，具有副性）
          • 修饰谓语的本质其实就是修饰整个句子
          • 高高兴兴地: 修饰表示动作的内容
      • 补
        • 修饰主语和宾语(修饰名词的，具有形容性）
          • 宾补
          • 主补
    • It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average(普通的) reader underthe age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers
      • 介词后面必加名词,所以动词不定式不可以把to算作介词
      • 删去介词的部分显露句子主干
        • 删去介词部分
        • It is difficult to imagine a time (when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers)
      • 翻译一下非主干
        • to the point of impossibility for the average(普通的) reader underthe age of forty
        • 英语中好多是后置定语,翻译时提到前面
          • It is difficult to the point(难到了一个程度)
          • It is difficult to the（ point of impossibility）(难到了一个不可能的程度)
          • 仿写
            • It is very difficult= It is difficult to the point of impossibility即very =to the point of impossibility
            • 表否定
              • 天不是蓝的(没有蓝天)
                • It is difficult to the point of impossibility for us to imagine a time when biue sky could be found in most big city(对于我们来说很难去想象有一个时间蓝天会在大多数城市中被找到.)
  • 非主干从句的排列基本情况
    • ______,S+V+O
      • 关系：
        • 充当状语（具有副性）
          • 5）副词
          • 2）介词结构
          • 1）状语从句
            • 3）分词结构
            • 4） 独立主格
          • 个人管它叫副性（副词，介短，状从等，充当状语，体现了副性）
      • 1）状语从句
        • when Iwas young , I could play football.
          • (省略后)when young , I could play football.
            • 状语从句的省略
      • 2）介词结构
        • On Sunday morning， we go to school.
      • 3）分词结构
        • Finishing my home work ， I start to watch TV.
          • (还原后) When I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
            • (句子句子逗号不成立,因此非句子就可以成立了,要把句子变成非句子,所以要变化谓语,把谓语变化,所以把谓语变成非谓语) I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
          • 1非谓语动词
            • ed 过去(被动)
              • when he was sentenced to death,he .......
                • (省略后)Sentenced to death,he.........
            • ing 现在(主动)
              • (还原后) When I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
                • Finishing my home work ， I start to watch TV.
              • (When he finish his home work ， I start to watch TV.
                • (省略后) he finishing his home work ， I start to watch TV.
                  • 因为这个从句中的句子不同于这个句子主干中的主语,从句中的主语就独立出来,这个从句称为独立主格.
                  • 于是随便写两个句子就可以把两个句子高大上地拼接
            • to do 将来
      • 4） 独立主格
        • He finishing his homework，I start to watch TV．
      • 这两种本质上都是状语从句的变形
      • 5）副词
        • Surprisingly, he is still alive.
      • 这个是上面的五个
    • S，______+V+O
      • 关系：
        • 充当状语（具有副性）
          • 5）副词
          • 2）介词结构
          • 1）状语从句
            • 3）分词结构
            • 4） 独立主格
          • 充当状语，体现副性
        • 充当定语（具有形容性）
          • 6）定语从句
            • 7）名词结构
          • 充当定语，体现形容性
      • 1）副词
        • he ，Surprisingly ， is still alive.
      • 2）介词结构
        • we，On Sunday morning. go to school
      • 3）状语从句
        • I ，when young，.could play football
      • 4）分词结构
        • I ，Finishing my home work ，.start to watch TV
          • (还原后) When I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
            • (句子句子逗号不成立,因此非句子就可以成立了,要把句子变成非句子,所以要变化谓语,把谓语变化,所以把谓语变成非谓语) I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
      • 5） 独立主格
        • I ，He finishing his homework，．start to watch TV
      • 这两种本质上都是状语从句的变形
      • 这个是上面的五个
      • 6）定语从句
        • shanghai which is my B is very beautiful
      • 7）名词结构
        • 名词结构本质就是定语从句的省略
        • shanghai ,my B，is very beautiful
    • S+V+O，______
      • 第二种的5+2完全可以搬过来
      • 关系：
        • 充当状语（具有副性）
          • 5）副词
          • 2）介词结构
          • 1）状语从句
            • 3）分词结构
            • 4） 独立主格
          • 充当状语，体现副性
        • 充当定语（具有形容性）
          • 6）定语从句
            • 7）名词结构
          • 充当定语，体现形容性
      • 1）副词
        • he is still alive. Surprisingly
      • 2）介词结构
        • we go to school，On Sunday morning.
      • 3）状语从句
        • I could play football，when young，.
          • (省略后)when young , I could play football.
            • 状语从句的省略
      • 4）分词结构
        • I start to watch TV，Finishing my home work ，.
          • (还原后) When I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
            • (句子句子逗号不成立,因此非句子就可以成立了,要把句子变成非句子,所以要变化谓语,把谓语变化,所以把谓语变成非谓语) I finish my home work ， I start to watch TV.
      • 5） 独立主格
        • I start to watch TV ，He finishing his homework，．
      • 这两种本质上都是状语从句的变形
      • 状语
      • 6）定语从句
        • I love shanghai which is my B
      • 7）名词结构
        • 名词结构本质就是定语从句的省略
        • I love shanghai ,my B
      • 定语，也是个省略现象
  • 总结
    • 高高兴兴地，我去上学
    • 我高高兴兴地去上学
    • 我去上学，高高兴兴地
    • 状语它的位置最灵活，想怎么放就怎么放
  • 思考：
    • 为什么2，3都是5+2呢，因为2，3一个在主语后面，一个在宾语后面，所以成分一样，能修饰主语的都能修饰宾语，而多出的那个2就是修饰主语或者宾语的
  • 真正实战当中是他们的排列组合
    • When I was young,I'd listen to the radio,waiting for my favorite song .
      • When I was young
        • 结构一种的第3种情况
      • ,I'd listen to the radio
      • ,waiting for my favorite song
        • 第三种结构，第4种情况
    • My mum told me that When I was young,I'd listen to the radio,waiting for my favorite song .
      • My mum told me
      • that When I was young,I'd listen to the radio,waiting for my favorite song .
        • When I was young
        • ,I'd listen to the radio,
        • waiting for my favorite song .
    • My mum,a beautiful woman, told me that When I was young,I'd listen to the radio,waiting for my favorite song .
      • 第二种结构的第七种情况，定语从句的省略，who is beautiful
      • My mum,a beautiful woman, told me
        • ,a beautiful woman,
      • that When I was young,I'd listen to the radio,waiting for my favorite song .
        • When I was young
        • ,I'd listen to the radio,
        • waiting for my favorite song .
    • 层层嵌套，排列组合，各种拓展，各种丰富
• 3从句关系
  • 真题句型结构案例
    • 学习的时候把典型例句摆出来作为一种标尺来对句子进行衡量
    • 2003年Text Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that canpossibly be done for us, even if it's useless.
      • 先看逗号，看主干在逗号前还是在逗号后
      • 分析逗号发现是第一种情况和第三种情况的排列组合
        • Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,
          • 这里有个省略，过去分词表达被动
        • we demand everything that canpossibly be done for us
        • , even if it's useless.
      • 翻译时一定要加上润滑剂，所谓润滑剂就是指逗号和逗号所隔开的句子的逻辑关系，联系。
        • 由于医疗费用由第三方支付，我们常常要求用尽所有的医疗手段，即使它们不会有任何作用。
        • 为什么加上了由于呢，
          • we are shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that canpossibly be done for us, even if it's useless.
            • 还原后发现逗号不能连接两个简单句，于是明显原本句子是省略了某连词的状语从句
          • because we are shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that canpossibly be done for us, even if it's useless.
            • 根据句意，自行体会出来了是because
          • 分词结构的本质
            • 本质就是状语从句的省略
            • （包括是完整的状语从句的省略，还原后发现是原因状语从句的省略，省略的是because,所以是由于）
    • 2004年 Text1 L1 Hunting for a job late last year,lawyer GantRedmon' stumbled across CareerBuilder,a job database on the Internet.
      • stumbled across 词组都是动词加介词，词组的灵魂来自它的介词，如果发现你不熟悉词组中的动词，就找个你熟悉的动词来代替它，比如改成 come across（偶遇）
      • Hunting for a job late last year,
        • 第一种结构
          • While lawyer GantRedmon is hunting for a job late last year,
            • 润滑剂为：当...时|在....时候
      • lawyer GantRedmon stumbled across CareerBuilder
      • ,a job database on the Internet.
        • 第三种结构
      • 甘特·雷德曼律师在去年年末找工作时 偶然在网上发现职业资料库
    • On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients forwhom modern medicine has prolonged thephysical agony of dying.
      • medical community医学界
      • ___s+v+(that...for(whom))
    • S,_____,+V+O 2003年 Text4 L12 Physicians(内科医生)-frustrated by their inability cure the disease and fearing loss ofhope in the patient- too often offeraggressive treatment far beyondwhat is scientifically justified.